Bibliographies - Types of bibliographies - Notes-bibliography style: the basic form - Part II. Source Citation

A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, 7th edition - Kate L. Turabian 2007

Bibliographies - Types of bibliographies
Notes-bibliography style: the basic form
Part II. Source Citation

Papers that use the notes-bibliography citation style typically include both notes and a bibliography listing all sources cited in the notes. Although the same information appears in both notes and bibliographies, readers need it in both places, because they use notes and bibliographies differently. Notes let readers quickly check the source for a particular reference without disrupting the flow of their reading. Bibliographies show readers the extent of your research and its relationship to prior work. Bibliographies also help readers use your sources in their own research. So unless you have only a handful of sources or your instructor tells you otherwise, always include both notes and a bibliography in your papers. If you do not include a bibliography, make sure that your notes present complete information for each source, at least the first time you cite it.

16.2.1 Types of bibliographies

In most cases, your bibliography should include every work you cite in your text (other than a few special types of sources; see 16.2.3). You may also include works that were important to your thinking but that you did not specifically mention in the text. Label this kind Bibliography or Sources Consulted. See figure A.15 in the appendix for a sample page of a bibliography.

There are other options:

Selected bibliography. Some bibliographies do not include all works cited in notes, either to save space or omit minor references unlikely to interest readers. You may use a selected bibliography if you have good reasons and your instructor or advisor approves. Label it Selected Bibliography and add a headnote that explains your principle of selection.

Single-author bibliography. Some writers list works by one person, usually as a separate list in addition to a standard bibliography, but sometimes as the only bibliography in a single-author study with few other sources. Label such a list Works of [Author's Name] or some appropriate descriptive title (Published Works of, Writings of, and so on). You can arrange it chronologically or alphabetically by title. If chronologically, list titles published in the same year alphabetically.

Annotated bibliography. Some writers annotate each bibliography entry with a brief description of the work's contents or relevance to their research. In most cases, if you annotate one entry you should annotate them all. But researchers sometimes annotate only the most important works or those whose relevance to their research may not be evident. If your annotations are brief phrases, add them in brackets after the publication data (note that there is no period within or after the bracketed entry):

B: Toulmin, Stephen. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958. [a seminal text describing argument in nonsymbolic language]

You may also add full-sentence annotations on a new line with paragraph indentation:

B: Toulmin, Stephen. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958.

This is the seminal text in describing the structure of an argument in nonsymbolic language.