A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, 7th edition - Kate L. Turabian 2007

Page numbers and other locating information
Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources
Part II. Source Citation

Page numbers and other information used to identify the location of a cited passage or element generally appear in notes but not in bibliographies.

For guidelines on expressing a span of numbers, see 23.2.4.

PAGE, CHAPTER, AND DIVISION NUMBERS. Page numbers are usually the last element in the citation of a book within a note. Do not include the word page or the abbreviation p. or pp. Use arabic numbers except for pages numbered with roman numerals in the original.

N: 14. Anne C. Rose, Victorian America and the Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 145—46.

17. Jerome Kagan, “Introduction to the Tenth-Anniversary Edition,” in The Nature of the Child (New York: Basic Books, 1994), xxii—xxiv.

Sometimes a citation refers to a full chapter (abbreviated chap.), part (pt.), book (bk.), or section (sec.) instead of a span of page numbers.

N: 22. Donald L. Miller, City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), pt. 2.

SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some parts of a book have special types of locators used in citations.

Note numbers. Use the abbreviation n (plural, nn) to cite notes. If the note cited is the only footnote on its page or is an unnumbered footnote, add n after the page number (with no intervening space or punctuation). If there are other notes on the same page as the note cited, list the page number followed by n or (if two or more consecutive notes are cited) nn and the note number(s).

N: 45. Anthony Grafton, The Footnote: A Curious History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), 72n.

46. Dwight Bolinger, Language: The Loaded Weapon (London: Longman, 1980), 192n23, 192n30, 199n14, 201nn16—17.

Illustration and table numbers. Use the abbreviation fig. for figure, but spell out table, map, plate, and names of other types of illustrations. Give the page number before the illustration number.

N: 50. Richard Sobel, Public Opinion in U.S. Foreign Policy: The Controversy over Contra Aid (Boston: Rowman and Littlefield, 1993), 87, table 5.3.

Line numbers. For poetry and other works best identified by line number, avoid the abbreviations l. (line) and ll. (lines); they are too easily confused with the numerals 1 and 11. Use line or lines, or use numbers alone where you have made it clear that you are referring to lines.

N: 44. Ogden Nash, “Song for Ditherers,” lines 1—4.

Signature, leaf, and folio numbers. Some books printed before 1800 do not carry page numbers but are divided into signatures and then into leaves or folios, each with a front side (recto, or r) and a back side (verso, or v). Locators for such works should consist of the relevant string of numbers and identifiers, run together without spaces or italics: for example, G6v, 176r, 232r—v, or (if you are citing entire folios) fol. 49.

URLS, PERMANENT SOURCE IDENTIFIERS, ACCESS DATES, AND DESCRIPTIVE LOCATORS. For a book published online (see 17.1.10), include the book's URL in both a note and a bibliography entry. Every URL begins with a lowercase abbreviation of the protocol used to deliver electronic material to readers, most commonly http (hypertext transfer protocol) and ftp (file transfer protocol). This abbreviation is invariably followed by a colon and a double slash, after which appears the publisher's domain name, followed by the path to the resource. Components following the domain name are separated from the domain name and from each other by single slashes.

http://www.jsri.msu.edu/museum/pubs/MexAmHist/chapter14.html#six

Capitalize the internal components of a URL exactly as they appear on the screen. If the URL has a “trailing slash” at the end, include it. Do not enclose the URL in brackets. It is best not to break a URL at the end of a line, but if you need to do so, see 20.4.2 for some guidelines.

Some online sources have permanent identifiers other than URLs. If a source uses digital object identifiers (DOIs) or a similar system, include information comparable to a URL in your citation.

doi:10.1006/jeth.2000.2694

When you cite any online source, provide the date you last accessed it, in case the content has since changed or been removed from the Web (see 15.4.1). Put the access date in parentheses after the URL or permanent identifier.

(accessed May 17, 2006)

Books published online might not include page numbers to help identify the location of a cited passage in a note. In this case, you may add a descriptive locator (such as a preceding subheading) before the URL and access date (see 17.1.10 for an example). You need not include such a locator in a bibliography entry.