Interviews and personal communications - Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources - Part II. Source Citation

A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, 7th edition - Kate L. Turabian 2007

Interviews and personal communications
Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources
Part II. Source Citation

Unpublished interviews (including those you have conducted yourself) should usually be cited only in notes. You generally need not include them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific interview that is critical to your argument or frequently cited. Begin the note with the names of the person interviewed and the interviewer; also include the place and date of the interview (if known) and the location of any tapes or transcripts (if available). Notice the form for a shortened note, which differs from the usual pattern. (For broadcast interviews, see 17.8.3.)

N: 7. Andrew Macmillan, interview by author, San Diego, CA, March 2, 2007.

14. Benjamin Spock, interview by Milton J. E. Senn, November 20, 1974, interview 67A, transcript, Senn Oral History Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

17. Macmillan, interview; Spock, interview.

If you cannot reveal the name of the person interviewed, cite it in a form appropriate to the context. Explain the absence of a name (“All interviews were confidential; the names of interviewees are withheld by mutual agreement”) in a note or a preface.

N: 10. Interview with a health care worker, August 10, 2006.

Cite conversations, letters, e-mail messages, and the like only in notes. You generally need not include them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific communication that is critical to your argument or frequently cited. The key elements are the name of the other person, the type of communication, and the date of the communication. In many cases, you may be able to use a parenthetical note (see 16.4.3) or include some or all of this information in the text. Omit e-mail addresses. To cite postings to electronic mailing lists, see 17.7.3.

N: 2. Maxine Greene, e-mail message to author, September 29, 2005.

In a telephone conversation with the author on October 12, 2006, Colonel William Rich revealed that . . .