Capitalization - Parenthetical citations–reference list style: the basic form - Part II. Source Citation

A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, 7th edition - Kate L. Turabian 2007

Capitalization
Parenthetical citations–reference list style: the basic form
Part II. Source Citation

Capitalize most titles sentence style, but capitalize the titles of journals, magazines, and newspapers headline style. (See 22.3.1 for both styles.)

Figure 18.1. Templates for reference list entries and parenthetical citations

The following templates show what elements should be included in what order when citing several common types of sources in reference lists (R) and parenthetical citations (P). They also show punctuation, capitalization of titles, and typography of the elements. Gray shading shows abbreviations and other terms as they would actually appear in a citation. XX stands in for page numbers actually cited, YY for a full span of page numbers for an article or a chapter.

For further examples, explanations, and variations, see chapter 19.

Books

1. Single Author or Editor

R: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Diamond, Jared. 1997. Guns, germs, and steel: The fates of human societies. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.

P: (Author's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Diamond 1997, 47—48)

For a book with an editor instead of an author, adapt the pattern as follows:

R: Editor's Last Name, Editor's First Name, ed. Date of Publication . . .

Noll, Mark A., ed. 1990 . . .

P: (Editor's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Noll 1990, 75—80)

2. Multiple Authors

For a book with two authors, use the following pattern:

R: Author #1's Last Name, Author #1's First Name, and Author #2's First and Last Names. Date of Publication. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Bird, Kai, and Martin J. Sherwin. 2005. American Prometheus: The triumph and tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

P: (Author #1's Last Name and Author #2's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Bird and Sherwin 2005, 52)

For a book with three authors, adapt the pattern as follows:

R: Author #1's Last Name, Author #1's First Name, Author #2's First and Last Names, and Author #3's First and Last Names. Date of Publication . . .

Appleby, Joyce, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob. 1994 . . .

P: (Author #1's Last Name, Author #2's Last Name, and Author #3's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Appleby, Hunt, and Jacob 1994, 135—36)

For a book with four or more authors, adapt the parenthetical citation pattern only as follows:

P: (Author #1's Last Name et al. Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Hall et al. 1987, 114—15)

3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Translator

For a book with an author plus an editor, use the following pattern:

R: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Ed. Editor's First and Last Names. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Harley, J. B. 2002. The new nature of maps: Essays in the history of cartography. Ed. Paul Laxton. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

P: (Author's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Harley 2002, 132—33)

If a book has a translator instead of an editor, substitute the word Trans. and the translator's name for the editor data in the reference list entry.

4. Edition Number

R: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Edition Number ed. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Daniels, Roger. 2002. Coming to America: A history of immigration and ethnicity in American life. 2nd ed. New York: Harper Perennial.

P: (Author's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Daniels 2002, 84)

5. Single Chapter in an Edited Book

R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chapter Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of chapter: Subtitle of chapter. In Title of book: Subtitle of book, ed. Editor's First and Last Names, YY—YY. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Spirn, Anne Whiston. 1996. Constructing nature: The legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted. In Uncommon ground: Rethinking the human place in nature, ed. William Cronon, 91—113. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.

P: (Chapter Author's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Spirn 1996, 101)

Journal Articles

6. Journal Article in Print

R: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal Volume Number (Additional Date Information): YY—YY.

Nayar, Pramod K. 2005. Marvelous excesses: English travel writing and India, 1680—1727. Journal of British Studies 44, no. 2 (April): 213—38.

P: (Author's Last Name Date of Publication, XX—XX)

(Nayar 2005, 213)

For an article with multiple authors, follow the relevant pattern for authors' names in template 2.

7. Journal Article Online

R: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal Volume Number (Additional Date Information). URL (accessed Date of Access).

McFarland, Daniel A. 2004. Resistance as a social drama: A study of change-oriented encounters. American Journal of Sociology 109, no. 6 (May). http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJS/journal/issues/v109n6/050199/050199.html (accessed May 3, 2006).

P: (Author's Last Name Date of Publication)

(McFarland 2004)

Capitalize proper nouns in the usual way (see chapter 22). In some fields, you may use headline-style capitalization throughout the reference list; check your local guidelines.