A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, 7th edition - Kate L. Turabian 2007

Parenthetical citations - Placement in text
Parenthetical citations–reference list style: the basic form
Part II. Source Citation

Parenthetical citations include enough information for readers to find the full citation in your reference list—usually the author's name, the date of publication, and (if you are citing a specific passage), a page number or other locating information. The name and date must match those in the relevant reference list entry exactly. (Note that both the elements and the punctuation in parenthetical citations are slightly different from those used in bibliography-style parenthetical notes, which are described in 16.4.3; do not confuse or combine the two styles.)

18.3.1 Placement in text

Whenever you refer to or otherwise use material from a source, you must insert into your text a parenthetical citation with basic identifying information about that source. For a quotation, put the parenthetical citation immediately following, whether the quotation is run into the text or set off as a block quotation (see 25.2.2). Otherwise, put parenthetical citations at the end of a sentence or clause. The closing parenthesis precedes a comma, period, or other punctuation mark when the quotation is run into the text.

“What on introspection seems to happen immediately and without effort is often a complex symphony of processes that take time to complete” (LeDoux 2003, 116).

While one school claims that “material culture may be the most objective source of information we have concerning America's past” (Deetz 1996, 259), others disagree.

The color blue became more prominent in the eighteenth century (Pastoureau 2001, 124).

With a block quotation, however, the parenthetical citation follows the terminal punctuation mark.

He concludes with the following observation:

The new society that I sought to depict and that I wish to judge is only being born. Time has not yet fixed its form; the great revolution that created it still endures, and in what is happening in our day it is almost impossible to discern what will pass away with the revolution itself and what will remain after it. (Tocqueville 2000, 673)

See figure A.11 for a sample page of text with parenthetical citations.