A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, 7th edition - Kate L. Turabian 2007
Sources in the visual and performing arts - Visual sources
Parenthetical citations–reference list style: citing specific types of sources
Part II. Source Citation
The visual and performing arts generate a variety of sources, including visual images, live performances, broadcasts, recordings in various media, and texts. Citing some of these sources can be difficult when they lack the types of identifying information common to published sources. Include as much identifying information as you can, format the elements consistently, and adapt the general patterns outlined here as needed.
You should cite most of the sources covered in this section only in parenthetical citations or even by weaving the key elements into your text. Unless otherwise noted, you generally need not include these sources in your reference list, although you may choose to include a specific item that is critical to your argument or frequently cited. If your paper is for a course in the arts, media studies, or a similar field, consult your instructor.
19.8.1 Visual sources
PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES, PHOTOGRAPHS, AND OTHER ARTWORKS. Cite paintings, sculptures, photographs, and other artworks only in parenthetical citations. Include the name of the artist, the title of the artwork and date of its creation (preceded by ca. [circa] if approximate), and the name of the institution that houses it (if any), including location. Italicize the titles of paintings and sculptures, but set the titles of photographs in roman type, enclosed in quotation marks. Use headline-style capitalization for titles. Separate the elements with commas.
P: (Georgia O'Keeffe, The Cliff Chimneys, 1938, Milwaukee Art Museum)
(Michelangelo, David, 1501—4, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence)
(Ansel Adams, “North Dome, Basket Dome, Mount Hoffman, Yosemite,” ca. 1935, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC)
Instead of using a parenthetical citation, you can sometimes cite artworks by weaving the elements into your text.
O'Keeffe first demonstrated this technique in The Cliff Chimneys (1938; Milwaukee Art Museum).
If you viewed the artwork in a published source and your local guidelines require you to identify this source, list the published source in your reference list. In your parenthetical citation, give the usual author-date citation in place of the institutional name and location. For online images, see 19.8.6.
R: Lynes, Barbara Buhler, Lesley Poling-Kempes, and Frederick W. Turner. 2004. Georgia O'Keeffe and New Mexico: A sense of place. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
P: (Georgia O'Keeffe, The Cliff Chimneys, 1938, in Lynes, Poling-Kempes, and Turner 2004, 25)
OTHER GRAPHIC SOURCES. You may need to cite other graphic sources, such as print advertisements, maps, cartoons, and so forth. Cite such items only in parenthetical citations, adapting the basic patterns for artworks and giving as much information as possible. Give the titles in roman type, enclosed in quotation marks, and identify the type of graphic if it is unclear from the title. For online graphics, see 19.8.6.
P: (National Center for Family Literacy, “Because I Can Read,” advertisement, Atlantic Monthly, April 2006, 59)