A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, 7th edition - Kate L. Turabian 2007

Abbreviations in citations and other scholarly contexts
Abbreviations
Part III. Style 20 spelling

Abbreviations are commonly used and even preferred in citations, especially for identifying the roles of individuals other than authors (ed., trans.), the parts of works (vol., bk., sec.), and locating information (p., n). In text and in some citations, however, you should use words instead of abbreviations. For guidelines on using abbreviations in bibliography-style citations, see 16.1.6 and chapter 17; for abbreviations in reference list—style citations, see 18.1.6 and chapter 19.

Some disciplines allow the use of scholarly abbreviations, such as e.g. and i.e., within parenthetical statements in the text of a paper. Consult your local guidelines on the use of such abbreviations.

Following is a list of the most common abbreviations used in citations and other scholarly contexts. For most abbreviations, add s or es for plural forms, unless otherwise shown. Do not italicize abbreviations of Latin terms. If you are not sure how to use a particular abbreviation appropriately, consult a reliable authority.

abbr. - abbreviated, abbreviation

abr. - abridged, abridgment

anon. - anonymous

app. - appendix

assn. - association

b. - born

bib. - Bible, biblical

bibliog. - bibliography, bibliographer

biog. - biography, biographer

bk. - book

ca. - circa, about, approximately

cap. - capital, capitalize

CD - compact disc

cf. - confer, compare

chap. - chapter

col. - column

comp. - compiler, compiled by

cont. - continued

d. - died

dept. - department

dict. - dictionary

diss. - dissertation

div. - division

DOI - digital object identifier

DVD - digital versatile (or video) disc

ed. - editor, edition, edited by

e.g. - exempli gratia, for example

esp. - especially

et al. - et alii or et alia, and others

etc. - et cetera, and so forth

ex. - example

fig. - figure

ff. - and following

fol. - folio

ftp - file transfer protocol

http - hypertext transfer protocol

ibid. - ibidem, in the same place

id. - idem, the same

i.e. - id est, that is

intl. - international

intro. - introduction

l. (pl. ll.) - line

loc. cit. - loco citato, in the place cited

misc. - miscellaneous

MS (pl. MSS) - manuscript

n (pl. nn) - note

natl. - national

n.b. - or NB nota bene, take careful note

n.d. - no date

no. - number

n.p. - no place; no publisher; no page

NS - New Style (dates)

n.s. - new series

op. cit. - opera citato, in the work cited

org. - organization

OS - Old Style (dates)

o.s. - old series

p. (pl. pp.) - page

par. - paragraph

pl. - plate; plural

PS - postscriptum, postscript

pseud. - pseudonym

pt. - part

pub. - publication, publisher, published by

q.v. - quod vide, which see

r. - recto, right

repr. - reprint

rev. - revised, revised by, revision; review, reviewed by

ROM - read-only memory

sec. - section

ser. - series

sing. - singular

soc. - society

sup. - supra, above

supp. - supplement

s.v. (pl. s.vv.) - sub verbo, sub voce, under the word

syn. - synonym, synonymous

trans. - translated by, translator

univ. - university

URL - uniform resource locator

usu. - usually

v. (pl. vv.) - verse; verso, right

viz. - videlicet, namely

vol. - volume

vs. or v. - versus (in legal contexts, use v.)