A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, Ninth edition - Kate L. Turabian 2018
Geographical terms
Abbreviations
Style
24.3.1 Place-Names
In text, always spell out and capitalize the names of countries, states, counties, provinces, territories, bodies of water, mountains, and the like (see 22.1.1).
Always spell out United States when using it as a noun. When using it as an adjective, you may either abbreviate it to US or spell it out (for a more formal tone).
She was ineligible for the presidency because she was not born in the United States.
His US citizenship was revoked later that year.
In tables, figures, citations, and mailing addresses, abbreviate the names of US states using the two-letter postal codes created by the US Postal Service.
✵ AK ✵ AL ✵ AR ✵ AZ ✵ CA ✵ CO ✵ CT ✵ DC ✵ DE ✵ FL ✵ GA ✵ HI ✵ IA ✵ ID ✵ IL ✵ IN ✵ KS ✵ KY ✵ LA ✵ MA ✵ MD ✵ ME ✵ MI ✵ MN ✵ MO ✵ MS |
✵ Alaska ✵ Alabama ✵ Arkansas ✵ Arizona ✵ California ✵ Colorado ✵ Connecticut ✵ District of Columbia ✵ Delaware ✵ Florida ✵ Georgia ✵ Hawaii ✵ Iowa ✵ Idaho ✵ Illinois ✵ Indiana ✵ Kansas ✵ Kentucky ✵ Louisiana ✵ Massachusetts ✵ Maryland ✵ Maine ✵ Michigan ✵ Minnesota ✵ Missouri ✵ Mississippi |
✵ MT ✵ NC ✵ ND ✵ NE ✵ NH ✵ NJ ✵ NM ✵ NV ✵ NY ✵ OH ✵ OK ✵ OR ✵ PA ✵ RI ✵ SC ✵ SD ✵ TN ✵ TX ✵ UT ✵ VA ✵ VT ✵ WA ✵ WI ✵ WV ✵ WY |
✵ Montana ✵ North Carolina ✵ North Dakota ✵ Nebraska ✵ New Hampshire ✵ New Jersey ✵ New Mexico ✵ Nevada ✵ New York ✵ Ohio ✵ Oklahoma ✵ Oregon ✵ Pennsylvania ✵ Rhode Island ✵ South Carolina ✵ South Dakota ✵ Tennessee ✵ Texas ✵ Utah ✵ Virginia ✵ Vermont ✵ Washington ✵ Wisconsin ✵ West Virginia ✵ Wyoming |
You may also abbreviate the names of Canadian provinces and territories where state names would be abbreviated.
✵ AB ✵ BC ✵ MB ✵ NB ✵ NL ✵ NS ✵ NT |
✵ Alberta ✵ British Columbia ✵ Manitoba ✵ New Brunswick ✵ Newfoundland and Labrador ✵ Nova Scotia ✵ Northwest Territories |
✵ NU ✵ ON ✵ PE ✵ QC ✵ SK ✵ YT |
✵ Nunavut ✵ Ontario ✵ Prince Edward Island ✵ Quebec ✵ Saskatchewan ✵ Yukon |
24.3.2 Addresses
In text, spell out and capitalize terms that are part of addresses, including those listed below and similar ones (other synonyms for street, for example). In tables, figures, citations, and mailing addresses, use the abbreviations. Note that all the abbreviations use periods except for the two-letter initialisms (such as NE). See 23.1.7 for an example of an address in text.
✵ Ave. |
✵ Avenue |
✵ St. |
✵ Street |
✵ Blvd. |
✵ Boulevard |
✵ N. |
✵ North |
✵ Ct. |
✵ Court |
✵ S. |
✵ South |
✵ Dr. |
✵ Drive |
✵ E. |
✵ East |
✵ Expy. |
✵ Expressway |
✵ W. |
✵ West |
✵ Pkwy. |
✵ Parkway |
✵ NE |
✵ Northeast |
✵ Rd. |
✵ Road |
✵ NW |
✵ Northwest |
✵ Sq. |
✵ Square |
✵ SE |
✵ Southeast |
✵ Pl. |
✵ Place |
✵ SW |
✵ Southwest |