Journal articles - Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources - Source citation

A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, Ninth edition - Kate L. Turabian 2018

Journal articles
Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources
Source citation

Journals are scholarly or professional periodicals available primarily in academic libraries and by subscription. They often include the word journal in their title (Journal of Modern History), but not always (Signs). Journals are not the same as magazines, which are usually intended for a more general readership. This distinction is important because journal articles and magazine articles are cited differently (see 17.3). If you are unsure whether a periodical is a journal or a magazine, see whether its articles include citations; if so, treat it as a journal.

Many journal articles are available online, often through your school’s library website or from a commercial database. To cite an article that you read online, include a URL. If a URL is listed along with the article, use that instead of the one in your browser’s address bar. If a DOI is listed, append the DOI to https://doi.org/ to form the URL. If you consulted the article in a commercial database, you may give the name of the database instead of a URL. See 15.4.1 for more details.

17.2.1 Author’s Name

Give authors’ names exactly as they appear at the heads of their articles. Names in the notes are listed in standard order (first name first). In the bibliography, the name of the first-listed author is inverted. For some special cases, see 16.2.2.2.

17.2.2 Article Title

List complete article titles and subtitles. Use roman type, separate the title from the subtitle with a colon, and enclose both in quotation marks. Use headline-style capitalization (see 22.3.1).

N:

1. 1. Quentin Taylor, “The Mask of Publius: Alexander Hamilton and the Politics of Expediency,” American Political Thought 5, no. 1 (Winter 2016): 63, https://doi.org/10.1086/684559.

B:

✵ Taylor, Quentin. “The Mask of Publius: Alexander Hamilton and the Politics of Expediency.” American Political Thought 5, no. 1 (Winter 2016): 55—79. https://doi.org/10.1086/684559.

Terms normally italicized in text, such as species names and book titles, remain italicized within an article title; terms quoted in the title are enclosed in single quotation marks because the title itself is within double quotation marks. Do not add either a colon or a period after a title or subtitle that ends in a question mark or an exclamation point. If the title would normally be followed by a comma, as in the shortened note example below (see 16.4.1), use both marks. See also 21.12.1.

N:

1. 2. Lisa A. Twomey, “Taboo or Tolerable? Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls in Postwar Spain,” Hemingway Review 30, no. 2 (Spring 2011): 55.

2. 3. Twomey, “Taboo or Tolerable?,” 56.

B:

✵ Lewis, Judith. “’’Tis a Misfortune to Be a Great Ladie’: Maternal Mortality in the British Aristocracy, 1558—1959.” Journal of British Studies 37, no. 1 (January 1998): 26—53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/176034.

Titles in languages other than English should generally be capitalized sentence-style (see 22.3.1) according to the conventions of the particular language. If you add an English translation, enclose it in brackets, without quotation marks.

N:

1. 4. Antonio Carreño-Rodríguez, “Modernidad en la literatura gauchesca: Carnavalización y parodia en el Fausto de Estanislao del Campo,” Hispania 92, no. 1 (March 2009): 13—14, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40648253.

B:

✵ Kern, W. “Waar verzamelde Pigafetta zijn Maleise woorden?” [Where did Pigafetta collect his Malaysian words?]. Tijdschrift voor Indische taal-, land-en volkenkunde 78 (1938): 271—73.

17.2.3 Journal Title

After the article title, list the journal title in italics, with headline-style capitalization (see 22.3.1). Give the title exactly as it appears on the title page or on the journal website; do not use abbreviations, although you can omit an initial The (see also 22.3.2.1). If the official title is an initialism such as PMLA, do not expand it. For non-English journal titles, you may use either headline-style or sentence-style capitalization, but retain all initial articles (Der Spiegel).

17.2.4 Issue Information

Most journal citations include volume number, issue number, month or season, and year. Readers may not need all of these elements to locate an article, but including them all guards against a possible error in one of them.

17.2.4.1 VOLUME AND ISSUE NUMBERS. The volume number follows the journal title without intervening punctuation and is not italicized. Use arabic numerals even if the journal itself uses roman numerals. If there is an issue number, it follows the volume number, separated by a comma and preceded by no.

N:

1. 1. Campbell Brown, “Consequentialize This,” Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 752, https://doi.org/10.1086/660696.

B:

✵ Ionescu, Felicia. “Risky Human Capital and Alternative Bankruptcy Regimes for Student Loans.” Journal of Human Capital 5, no. 2 (Summer 2011): 153—206. https://doi.org/10.1086/661744.

When a journal uses issue numbers only, without volume numbers, a comma follows the journal title.

B:

✵ Beattie, J. M. “The Pattern of Crime in England, 1660—1800.” Past and Present, no. 62 (February 1974): 47—95.

17.2.4.2 DATE OF PUBLICATION. The date of publication appears in parentheses after the volume number and issue information. Follow the practice of the journal regarding date information; it must include the year and may include a season, a month, or an exact day. Capitalize seasons in journal citations, even though they are not capitalized in text.

N:

1. 1. Marjorie Garber, “Over the Influence,” Critical Inquiry 42, no. 4 (Summer 2016): 735, https://doi.org/10.1086/686960.

B:

✵ Bartfeld, Judi, and Myoung Kim. “Participation in the School Breakfast Program: New Evidence from the ECLS-K.” Social Service Review 84, no. 4 (December 2010): 541—62. https://doi.org/10.1086/657109.

If an article has been accepted for publication but has not yet appeared, use forthcoming in place of the date and page numbers. Treat any article not yet accepted for publication as an unpublished manuscript (see 17.7.4).

N:

1. 2. Margaret M. Author, “Article Title,” Journal Name 98 (forthcoming).

B:

✵ Author, Margaret M. “Article Title.” Journal Name 98 (forthcoming).

17.2.5 Page Numbers

If you cite a particular passage in a note, give only the specific page(s) cited. For a bibliography entry or a note that cites the entire article, give the full span of page numbers for the article (see 23.2.4). By convention, page numbers of journal articles follow colons rather than commas.

N:

1. 1. Tim Hitchcock, “Begging on the Streets of Eighteenth-Century London,” Journal of British Studies 44, no. 3 (July 2005): 478, https://doi.org/10.1086/429704.

B:

✵ Wang, ShiPu. “We Are Scottsboro Boys: Hideo Noda’s Visual Rhetoric of Transracial Solidarity.” American Art 30, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 16—20. https://doi.org/10.1086/686545.

17.2.6 Special Issues and Supplements

A journal issue devoted to a single theme is known as a special issue. It carries a normal volume and issue number. If a special issue has a title and an editor of its own, include both in the citations. The title is given in roman type and enclosed in quotation marks.

N:

1. 1. Rajeswari Sunder Rajan, “Zeitgeist and the Literary Text: India, 1947, in Qurratulain Hyder’s My Temples, Too and Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children,” in “Around 1948: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Transformation,” ed. Leela Gandhi and Deborah L. Nelson, special issue, Critical Inquiry 40, no. 4 (Summer 2014): 440—41, https://doi.org/10.1086/676415.

B:

✵ Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari. “Zeitgeist and the Literary Text: India, 1947, in Qurratulain Hyder’s My Temples, Too and Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children.” In “Around 1948: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Transformation,” edited by Leela Gandhi and Deborah L. Nelson. Special issue, Critical Inquiry 40, no. 4 (Summer 2014): 439—65. https://doi.org/10.1086/676415.

If you need to cite the issue as a whole, omit the article information.

B:

✵ Gandhi, Leela, and Deborah L. Nelson, eds. “Around 1948: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Transformation.” Special issue, Critical Inquiry 40, no. 4 (Summer 2014).

A journal supplement may also have a title and an author or editor of its own. Unlike a special issue, it is numbered separately from the regular issues of the journal, often with S as part of its page numbers. Use a comma between the volume number and the supplement number.

N:

1. 2. Ivar Ekeland, James J. Heckman, and Lars Nesheim, “Identification and Estimation of Hedonic Models,” in “Papers in Honor of Sherwin Rosen,” Journal of Political Economy 112, S1 (February 2004): S72, https://doi.org/10.1086/379947.

B:

✵ Ekeland, Ivar, James J. Heckman, and Lars Nesheim. “Identification and Estimation of Hedonic Models.” In “Papers in Honor of Sherwin Rosen,” Journal of Political Economy 112, S1 (February 2004): S60—S109. https://doi.org/10.1086/379947.

17.2.7 Abstracts

You can cite information in the abstract of a journal article or other work in a note. Include the full citation for the journal article (or other work, such as a dissertation) and insert the word abstract within the citation, following the title.

N:

1. 1. Campbell Brown, “Consequentialize This,” abstract, Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 749.

In your bibliography, cite the full article (or other work) and not the abstract.