Reference works and secondary citations - Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources - Source citation

A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, Ninth edition - Kate L. Turabian 2018

Reference works and secondary citations
Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources
Source citation

17.9.1 Reference Works

Well-known reference works, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, should usually be cited only in notes. You generally need not include them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific work that is critical to your argument or frequently cited. Within the note, you may omit the facts of publication, but you must specify the edition (if not the first, or unless no edition is specified). Items consulted online will require a URL (see 15.4.1.3); for undated items, include an access date (see 15.4.1.5). For a work arranged by key terms such as a dictionary or encyclopedia, cite the item (not the volume or page number) preceded by s.v. (sub verbo, “under the word”; pl. s.vv.).

N:

1. 1. Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “ROFL,” accessed March 9, 2017, http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156942#eid1211161030.

2. 2. Encyclopaedia Britannica, s.v. “Dame Margaret Drabble,” accessed June 26, 2016, http://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Drabble.

Reference works on disk should include information about the medium.

B:

Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. CD-ROM, version 4.0.

For reference works that are more specialized or less well known, include the publication details in your notes, and list the work in your bibliography.

N:

1. 3. MLA Handbook, 8th ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2016), 3.3.2.

B:

✵ Aulestia, Gorka. Basque—English Dictionary. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1989.

An individual entry by a named author can be cited like a chapter in a book (see 17.1.8).

17.9.2 Reviews

Reviews of books, performances, and so forth may appear in a variety of periodicals and other sources and should usually be cited only in a note. Include a specific review in your bibliography only if it is critical to your argument or frequently cited.

Include the name of the reviewer; the words review of, followed by the name of the work reviewed and its author (or composer, director, or the like); any other pertinent information (such as film studio or location of a performance); and, finally, the periodical or other source in which the review appeared. If the review was consulted online, include a URL (see 15.4.1.3).

N:

1. 1. Richard Williams, review of Bob Dylan in concert at the Royal Albert Hall, London, UK, Guardian, October 22, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/22/bob-dylan-review-royal-albert-hall-london.

2. 2. Richard Brody, review of Gravity, directed by Alfonso Cuarón, Warner Bros. Pictures, New Yorker, October 4, 2013.

B:

✵ Cox, Katharine. Review of Covered in Ink: Tattoos, Women, and the Politics of the Body, by Beverly Yuen Thompson. Journal of Gender Studies 25, no. 3 (2016): 349—50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2016.1171889.

17.9.3 One Source Quoted in Another

Responsible researchers avoid repeating quotations that they have not actually seen in the original. If one source includes a useful quotation from another source, readers expect you to obtain the original to verify not only that the quotation is accurate but also that it fairly represents what the original meant.

If the original source is unavailable, however, cite it as “quoted in” the secondary source in your note. For the bibliography entry, adapt the “quoted in” format as needed.

N:

1. 1. Louis Zukofsky, “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269, quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981), 78.

B:

✵ Zukofsky, Louis. “Sincerity and Objectification.” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269. Quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981).

The same situation may arise with a quotation you find in a secondary source drawn from a primary source (see 3.1). Often you will not be able to consult the primary source, especially if it is in an unpublished manuscript collection. In this case, follow the principles outlined above.

If, however, you consult a primary document or other work exhibited by the holding institution as part of an online collection (as opposed to a copy posted by someone else), such a source can usually be considered primary for the purposes of research. See 17.7.5 and 17.10.1.1 for examples.