Journal articles - Author-date style: citing specific types of sources - Source citation

A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, Ninth edition - Kate L. Turabian 2018

Journal articles
Author-date style: citing specific types of sources
Source citation

Journals are scholarly or professional periodicals available primarily in academic libraries and by subscription. They often include the word journal in their title (Journal of Modern History) but not always (Signs). Journals are not the same as magazines, which are usually intended for a more general readership. This distinction is important because journal articles and magazine articles are cited differently (see 19.3). If you are unsure whether a periodical is a journal or a magazine, see whether its articles include citations; if so, treat it as a journal.

Many journal articles are available online, often through your school’s library website or from a commercial database. To cite an article that you read online, include a URL. If a URL is listed along with the article, use that instead of the one in your browser’s address bar. If a DOI is listed, append the DOI to https://doi.org/ to form the URL. If you consulted the article in a commercial database, you may give the name of the database instead of a URL. See 15.4.1 for more details.

19.2.1 Author’s Name

Give authors’ names exactly as they appear at the heads of their articles. Use last names in parenthetical citations. In the reference list, the name of the first-listed author is inverted. For some special cases, see 18.2.1.2.

19.2.2 Date of Publication

The main date of publication for a journal article consists only of a year. In a reference list entry, set it off as its own element with periods following the author’s name. In a parenthetical citation, put it after the author’s name without intervening punctuation.

R:

✵ Bartfeld, Judi, and Myoung Kim. 2010. “Participation in the School Breakfast Program: New Evidence from the ECLS-K.” Social Service Review 84, no. 4 (December): 541—62. https://doi.org/10.1086/657109.

✵ Garber, Marjorie. 2016. “Over the Influence,” Critical Inquiry 42, no. 4 (Summer): 731—59. https://doi.org/10.1086/686960.

P:

✵ (Bartfeld and Kim 2010, 550—51)

✵ (Garber 2016, 735)

Notice that additional date information appears in parentheses later in a reference list entry, after the volume number and issue information (see 19.2.5).

If an article has been accepted for publication but has not yet appeared, use forthcoming in place of the date (and page numbers). To avoid confusion, include a comma after the author’s name in a parenthetical citation of this type. Treat any article not yet accepted for publication as an unpublished manuscript (see 19.6).

R:

✵ Author, Margaret M. Forthcoming. “Article Title.” Journal Name 98.

P:

✵ (Author, forthcoming)

19.2.3 Article Title

List complete article titles and subtitles. Use roman type, separate the title from the subtitle with a colon, and enclose both in quotation marks. Use headline-style capitalization (see 22.3.1).

R:

✵ Taylor, Quentin. 2016. “The Mask of Publius: Alexander Hamilton and the Politics of Expediency.” American Political Thought 5, no. 1 (Winter): 55—79. https://doi.org/10.1086/684559.

Terms normally italicized in text, such as species names and book titles, remain italicized within an article title; terms quoted in the title are enclosed in single quotation marks because the title itself is within double quotation marks. Do not add either a colon or a period after a title or subtitle that ends in a question mark or an exclamation point. But see 21.12.1.

R:

✵ Lewis, Judith. 1998. “’’Tis a Misfortune to Be a Great Ladie’: Maternal Mortality in the British Aristocracy, 1558—1959.” Journal of British Studies 37, no 1 (January): 26—40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/176034.

✵ Twomey, Lisa A. 2011. “Taboo or Tolerable? Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls in Postwar Spain.” Hemingway Review 30, no. 2 (Spring): 54—72.

Titles in languages other than English should generally be capitalized sentence-style (see 22.3.1) according to the conventions of the particular language. If you add an English translation, enclose it in brackets, without quotation marks.

R:

✵ Carreño-Rodríguez, Antonio. 2009. “Modernidad en la literatura gauchesca: Carnavalización y parodia en el Fausto de Estanislao del Campo.” Hispania 92, no. 1 (March): 12—24. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40648253.

✵ Kern, W. 1938. “Waar verzamelde Pigafetta zijn Maleise woorden?” [Where did Pigafetta collect his Malaysian words?]. Tijdschrift voor Indische taal-, land-en volkenkunde 78:271—73.

19.2.4 Journal Title

After the article title, list the journal title in italics, with headline-style capitalization (see 22.3.1). Give the title exactly as it appears on the title page or on the journal website; do not use abbreviations, although you can omit an initial The (see also 22.3.2.1). If the official title is an initialism such as PMLA, do not expand it. For non-English journal titles, you may use either headline-style or sentence-style capitalization, but retain all initial articles (Der Spiegel).

19.2.5 Issue Information

In addition to a date of publication, most reference list entries include volume number, issue number, and month or season. Readers may not need all of these elements to locate an article, but including them all guards against a possible error in one of them.

The volume number follows the journal title without intervening punctuation and is not italicized. Use arabic numerals even if the journal itself uses roman numerals. If there is an issue number, it follows the volume number, separated by a comma and preceded by no.

Include additional date information beyond the year of publication (see 19.2.2) in parentheses after the volume and issue number. Follow the practice of the journal regarding such information; it may include a season, a month, or an exact day. Capitalize seasons in journal citations, even though they are not capitalized in text.

R:

✵ Brown, Campbell. 2011. “Consequentialize This.” Ethics 121, no. 4 (July): 749—71. https://doi.org/10.1086/660696.

✵ Ionescu, Felicia. 2011. “Risky Human Capital and Alternative Bankruptcy Regimes for Student Loans.” Journal of Human Capital 5, no. 2 (Summer): 153—206. https://doi.org/10.1086/661744.

When a journal uses issue numbers only, without volume numbers, a comma follows the journal title.

R:

✵ Beattie, J. M. 1974. “The Pattern of Crime in England, 1660—1800.” Past and Present, no. 62 (February): 47—95.

19.2.6 Page Numbers

For a reference list entry, give the full span of page numbers for the article (see 23.2.4). By convention, page numbers of journal articles in reference lists follow colons rather than commas.

R:

✵ Hitchcock, Tim. 2005. “Begging on the Streets of Eighteenth-Century London.” Journal of British Studies 44, no. 3 (July): 478—98. https://doi.org/10.1086/429704.

✵ Wang, ShiPu. 2016. “We Are Scottsboro Boys: Hideo Noda’s Visual Rhetoric of Transracial Solidarity.” American Art 30, no. 1 (Spring): 16—20. https://doi.org/10.1086/686545.

If you cite a particular passage in a parenthetical citation, give only the specific page(s) cited, preceded by a comma (not a colon).

P:

✵ (Hitchcock 2005, 478)

✵ (Wang 2016, 16—17)

19.2.7 Special Issues and Supplements

A journal issue devoted to a single theme is known as a special issue. It carries a normal volume and issue number. If a special issue has a title and an editor of its own, include both in a reference list entry. The title is given in roman type and enclosed in quotation marks. In a parenthetical citation, give only the author of the part cited.

R:

✵ Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari. 2014. “Zeitgeist and the Literary Text: India, 1947, in Qurratulain Hyder’s My Temples, Too and Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children.” In “Around 1948: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Transformation,” edited by Leela Gandhi and Deborah L. Nelson. Special issue, Critical Inquiry 40, no. 4 (Summer): 439—65. https://doi.org/10.1086/676415.

P:

✵ (Sunder Rajan 2014, 440—41)

If you need to cite the issue as a whole, omit the article information.

R:

✵ Gandhi, Leela, and Deborah L. Nelson, eds. 2014. “Around 1948: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Transformation.” Special issue, Critical Inquiry 40, no. 4 (Summer).

A journal supplement may also have a title and an author or editor of its own. Unlike a special issue, it is numbered separately from the regular issues of the journal, often with S as part of its page numbers. Use a comma between the volume number and the supplement number.

R:

✵ Ekeland, Ivar, James J. Heckman, and Lars Nesheim. 2004. “Identification and Estimation of Hedonic Models.” In “Papers in Honor of Sherwin Rosen,” Journal of Political Economy 112, S1 (February): S60—S109. https://doi.org/10.1086/379947.

19.2.8 Abstracts

You can cite information in the abstract of a journal article or other work in a parenthetical citation. In the reference list, include the full citation for the journal article (or other work, such as a dissertation). In the parenthetical citation, insert the word abstract, set off by commas, after the year of publication and before any page number.

R:

✵ Brown, Campbell. 2011. “Consequentialize This.” Ethics 121, no. 4 (July): 749—71.

P:

✵ (Brown 2011, abstract, 749)