A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, Ninth edition - Kate L. Turabian 2018

Papers, lectures, and manuscript collections
Author-date style: citing specific types of sources
Source citation

19.7.1 Theses and Dissertations

Theses and dissertations are cited much like books except for the title, which is in roman type and enclosed in quotation marks. After the author, date, and title, list the kind of paper and the academic institution. Abbreviate dissertation as diss. If you’ve consulted the paper online, include a URL. If you consulted the document in an institutional repository or commercial database, you can list the name of the repository or database instead. See 15.4.1 for more details.

R:

✵ Culcasi, Karen Leigh. 2003. “Cartographic Representations of Kurdistan in the Print Media.” Master’s thesis, Syracuse University.

✵ Levin, Dana S. 2010. “Let’s Talk about Sex . . . Education: Exploring Youth Perspectives, Implicit Messages, and Unexamined Implications of Sex Education in Schools.” PhD diss., University of Michigan. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75809.

✵ Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

19.7.2 Lectures and Papers Presented at Meetings

After the author, date, and title of the lecture or paper, list the sponsorship, location of the meeting, and the specific date(s) of the meeting at which it was given. (You can repeat the year with the month and day in the reference list entry to avoid any confusion regarding the exact date.) If you consulted a text or transcript of the lecture or paper online, include a URL (see 15.4.1.3). If you watched or listened to the presentation online, adapt the examples here to the advice at 19.10.3.3.

R:

✵ Carvalho Filho, Irineu de, and Renato P. Colistete. 2010. “Education Performance: Was It All Determined 100 Years Ago? Evidence from São Paulo, Brazil.” Paper presented at the 70th annual meeting of the Economic History Association, Evanston, IL, September 24—26, 2010. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24494/1/MPRA_paper_24494.pdf.

✵ Hong, Viviana. 2015. “Censorship in Children’s Literature during Argentina’s Dirty War (1976—1983).” Lecture, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, April 30, 2015.

✵ Pycior, Julie Leininger. 2016. “Trailblazers and Harbingers: Mexicans in New York before 1970.” Paper presented at the 130th annual meeting of the American Historical Society, Atlanta, GA, January 8, 2016.

19.7.3 Pamphlets and Reports

Cite a pamphlet, corporate report, brochure, or similar freestanding publication as you would a book. If you lack data for some of the usual elements, such as author and publisher, give enough other information to identify the document. Sources consulted online should include a URL (see 15.4.1.3).

R:

✵ Clark, Hazel V. 1957. Mesopotamia: Between Two Rivers. Mesopotamia, OH: Trumbull County Historical Society.

✵ Donahue, Elisabeth Hirschhorn, ed. 2015. Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs: Annual Report 2014—15. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University. http://wws.princeton.edu/about-wws/wws-annual-report.

19.7.4 Manuscript Collections

Documents from physical collections of unpublished manuscripts involve more complicated and varied elements than published sources. In your citations, include as much identifying information as you can, format the elements consistently, and adapt the general patterns outlined here as needed.

19.7.4.1 ELEMENTS TO INCLUDE AND THEIR ORDER. If you cite multiple documents from a collection, list the collection as a whole in your reference list, under the name of the collection, the author(s) of the items in the collection, or the depository. For similar types of unpublished material that have not been placed in archives, replace information about the collection with such wording as “in the author’s possession” or “private collection,” and do not mention the location. Do not include a date, since most collections contain items from various dates.

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✵ Egmont Manuscripts. Phillipps Collection. University of Georgia Library, Athens. House, Edward M., Papers. Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

✵ Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery. Papers. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

✵ Strother, French, and Edward Lowry. Undated correspondence. Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, IA.

✵ Women’s Organization for National Prohibition Reform. Papers. Alice Belin du Pont files, Pierre S. du Pont Papers. Eleutherian Mills Historical Library, Wilmington, DE.

To cite an individual document from such a collection in your text, identify the author and date, the title or type of document, and the name of the collection or the depository used in the reference list entry. Separate the elements with commas. In many cases you may be able to include some or all of this information in the text.

P:

✵ (James Oglethorpe to the trustees, January 13, 1733, Egmont Manuscripts)

In his letter of January 13, 1733, to the trustees (Egmont Manuscripts), James Oglethorpe declared . . .

If you cite only one document from a collection, list it individually in your reference list, and follow the usual pattern for parenthetical citations.

R:

✵ Dinkel, Joseph. 1869. Description of Louis Agassiz written at the request of Elizabeth Cary Agassiz. Agassiz Papers. Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

P:

✵ (Dinkel 1869)

19.7.4.2 HOW TO FORMAT THE ELEMENTS. Here are some special formatting recommendations for documents in manuscript collections.

✵ ▪ Specific versus generic titles. Use quotation marks for specific titles of documents but not for generic terms such as report and minutes. Capitalize generic names of this kind only if they are part of a formal heading in the manuscript, not if they are merely descriptive.

✵ ▪ Locating information. Although some manuscripts may include page numbers that can be included in parenthetical citations, many will have other types of locators, or none at all. Older manuscripts are usually numbered by signatures only or by folios (fol., fols.) rather than by page. Some manuscript collections have identifying series or file numbers that you can include in a citation. Items on microfilm may have roll (or sheet) and frame numbers.

✵ ▪ Papers and manuscripts. In titles of manuscript collections the terms papers and manuscripts are synonymous. Both are acceptable, as are the abbreviations MS and MSS (plural).

✵ ▪ Letters. To cite a letter in a parenthetical citation, start with the name of the letter writer, followed by to and the name of the recipient. Omit the word letter, which is understood, but for other forms of communication, specify the type (telegram, memorandum). For letters in published collections, see 19.1.9.4.

19.7.5 Online Collections

Some manuscript collections have been scanned and organized for consultation online. Cite such items by adapting the rules for manuscript collections in 19.7.4. Include a URL for the collection in the reference list entry (see also 15.4.1.3).

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✵ Washington, George, Papers. 1750—96. Series 5: Financial Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, DC. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwseries5.html.

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✵ (Daily Expenses, July 1787, images 7—8, Washington Papers 1750—96)