Rules for writers, Tenth edition - Diana Hacker, Nancy Sommers 2021
Use -s or -es endings on present-tense verbs that have third-person singular subjects
Choose appropriate verb forms, tenses, and moods
Grammar
All singular nouns (child, tree) and the pronouns he, she, and it are third-person singular; indefinite pronouns such as everyone and neither are also third-person singular. When the subject of a sentence is third-person singular, its verb takes an -s or -es ending in the present tense. (See also 21.)
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
|||
FIRST PERSON |
I |
know |
we |
know |
SECOND PERSON |
you |
know |
you |
know |
THIRD PERSON |
he/she/it |
knows |
they |
know |
child |
knows |
parents |
know |
|
everyone |
knows |
NOTE: Do not add the -s ending to the verb if the subject is not third-person singular. The writers of the following sentences added —s endings where they don’t belong.
Has versus have
In the present tense, use has with third-person singular subjects; all other subjects require have.
Does versus do and doesn’t versus don’t
In the present tense, use does and doesn’t with third-person singular subjects; all other subjects require do and don’t.
Am, is, and are; was and were
The verb be has three forms in the present tense (am, is, are) and two in the past tense (was, were).
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
|||
FIRST PERSON |
I |
am/was |
we |
are/were |
SECOND PERSON |
you |
are/were |
you |
are/were |
THIRD PERSON |
he/she/it |
is/was |
they |
are/were |