Active Vocabulary General and Academic Words - Amy E. Olsen 2013

Chapter 20. Nutrition
Part 2 Academic Words

Healthy Eating

A healthy diet isn’t that hard to achieve, and it has many rewards. Eating the right foods can ward off problems such as heart disease, bone loss, and various kinds of cancers. It can also prevent shortages in necessary minerals. For ex­ample, an iron deficiency can result in anemia, a common condition that leaves a person feeling continually tired. For optimum health, eat a diverse diet to get all of the vitamins and minerals your body needs to perform its best. Below are the types of foods you want to eat regularly and suggestions of ways to easily integrate these foods into your daily meals.

Fruits and Vegetables: The best antidote for a variety of health concerns is to put fruits and vegetables on the top of your to-eat list. Fruits and vegetables provide numerous nutrients, including vitamin A to make skin and eyes healthy and vitamin C to support teeth and gums. A comprehensive meal plan will include fruits and veg­etables in a variety of colors—green, yellow, orange, red, blue, and purple—to provide a range of minerals and vitamins. To encourage daily snacking, keep an eclectic supply of fruits on hand, such as kiwis, bananas, mangoes, apricots, cherries, blueberries, plums, and prunes. For vegetables consider these choices for color variety: broccoli, carrots, red bell peppers, and eggplant. Eat your fruits and vegetables raw or lightly steamed to maintain their high nutritional value. Throughout the Day: blueberries on breakfast cereal, roasted sweet potato tries for lunch, red bell peppers piled on green leaf lettuce at dinner, and an orange for a snack.

Whole Grains: The benefits of whole grains include carbohydrates that provide the body with energy and B vitamins that strengthen the nervous system. Whole grains include whole wheat bread, brown rice, popcorn, quinoa, and oatmeal. Whole grains have more nutrients, such as fiber and vitamin E, than their white counterparts. Throughout the Day: oatmeal for breakfast, brown rice to complement a plate of steamed vegetables at lunch, whole wheat pasta for dinner, and popcorn as a snack.

Dairy Products: Don’t limit the domain of your dairy products to the breakfast table. Dairy prod­ucts supply calcium to build strong bones, and low-fat versions can help to fight high blood pressure. Dairy products include milk, yogurt, and cheese. Soy drinks can also supply calcium and vitamin D; check the Nutritional Facts label to see if the soy product has been fortified with ' these nutrients. Throughout the, Day: skim or soy milk in a smoothie for breakfast, Swiss cheese on whole wheat bread for lunch, cottage cheese with tomato slices as a dinner side, and low-fat yogurt with fresh peaches for a snack.

Finally, with a finite number of calories available in a sen­sible diet, you want to make smart choices. Read nutritional labels to learn portion sizes, calories, fat grams, and salt content. What looks like a single serving may surprisingly be labeled as three servings. In general, eat more naturally by choosing foods with the least processing. Healthy eat­ing will increase your longevity and make your later years happy ones.

Predicting

For each set, write the definition on the line next to the word to which it belongs. If you are unsure, return to the reading on page 134, and underline any context clues you find. After you've made your predictions, check your answers against the Word List on page 139. Place a checkmark in the box next to each word whose definition you missed. These are the words you'll want to study closely.

Set One

complete

most favorable

a cure

shortage

a lack of oxygen-carrying material in the blood, which results in weakness

□ 1. deficiency (line 5) ...

□ 2. anemia (line 5) ...

□ 3. optimum (line 7) ...

□ 4. antidote (line 11) ...

□ 5. comprehensive (line 14) ...

Set Two

length of life

diverse

limited

territory of control

to balance or complete

□ 6. eclectic (line 16) ...

□ 7. complement (line 24) ...

□ 8. domain (line 26) ...

□ 9. finite (line 33) ...

□ 10. longevity (line 39) ...

Self-Tests

1 Write the letter of the vocabulary word next to the situation that relates to it. Use each word once.

Set One

1. The test will cover material from the entire term. 

a. eclectic

2. The resort offers diverse activities from chess to volleyball.

b. deficiency

3. In order to live to one hundred, I'm eating right and exercising daily.

c. longevity

4. The doctor said I'm low in the B vitamins and iron.

d. comprehensive

5. A weekly massage proved to be the cure for Cam's stress.

e. antidote

Set Two

6. Mary Ann looked pale, and she had no energy or strength.

f. optimum

7. Rice goes well with fish dishes.     

g. domain

8. There is only so much room in a box.  

h. finite

9. The best time to call is at 8 a.m. since I'm always home at that hour.

i. anemia

10. The grill is my husband's realm; it is where he is king. 

j. complement

2 Fill in each blank with the appropriate vocabulary word. Use each word once.

Vocabulary list

domain

anemia

optimum

deficiency

complement

longevity

eclectic

comprehensive

finite

antidote

As a(n) (1)to a gray day, I decided to have a party. I called my friends and asked everyone to bring a dish to share. I was sure we would end up with a(n) (2)... menu. Because Meg is suffering from (3)..., I decided to provide some iron-rich foods, like clams, lentils, and a strawberry and spinach salad. I also made my favorite mush­room side dish since it serves as the perfect (4)... to almost any food. Once the guests began arriving and placing their dishes on the table, I knew that there wouldn't be a(n) (5)... of delicious and nutritious food.

After dinner we decided to share our dreams for our retirement years. Since we all eat right and exercise regularly, we knew (6)... was something we should count on. There are, however, only a(n) (7)... number of years for all of us, so we should plan for the things we really want to do. Jo said that in her sixties and beyond she saw the water as her (8)... . She was looking forward to teaching kids how to swim and compet­ing in swimming events at the Senior Olympics. Chen revealed that he would be looking for a(n) (9)... performance car because he planned to drive from Alaska to the tip of South America and have several adventures along the way. I explained that I was already at work on a(n) (10)plan that would allow me to travel for months at a time and eventually let me visit every country in the world.

3. Finish the following analogies. See Completing Analogies on page 6 for instructions and practice. Use each word once.

Vocabulary list

finite

longevity

antidote

deficiency

comprehensive

anemia

eclectic

domain

complement

optimum

1. huge : immense :: diverse : ...

2. a power failure : dead phone lines :: eating healthy : ...

3. disappointed : pleased :: ... : abundance

4. shovel : dig :: ... : save a life

5. polka : dance :: Web site address : ...

6. poor : rich :: partial : ...

7. pineapple : fruit :: space in a closet : ...

8. elephant : large animal :: sunshine for an outdoor wedding :: ... condition

9. lack of studying : bad grades :: ... : weakness

10. compliment : praise :: ... : balance

Context Clue Mini-Lesson 5

This lesson combines the techniques you have practiced in the four previous lessons. You will be looking for synonyms, antonyms, general meaning, and examples (SAGE) to help you understand the underlined words. In the paragraph below, circle any clues you find and then write the types of clues and your definitions on the lines next to the words that follow the paragraph.

The company can no longer tolerate your recent unscrupulous behavior. We have discovered that you have been stealing company supplies, taking three-hour lunches, and viewing inappropriate material on the Internet on company time. Because of your long association with the firm, we are giving you the opportunity to leave of your own volition. If you do not resign by Tuesday, you will be fired by the end of the week. We do not want to create unnecessary acrimony, between you and the company. To maintain some harmony in our relationship, we will be having a small going- away party for you on Thursday. I’m sorry these last few months have had to mar an otherwise positive working relationship, but the damage has been done, and it is time for you to leave.

Type of Context Clue and Your Definition

1. Unscrupulous ...

2. Volition ...

3. Acrimony ...

4. Mar ...

Word visions

Interactive Version: Use some of the foods in the photograph to write two entries in a food journal. Elements you can consider writing about include what you ate, when you ate, how nutritious the foods were, and their impact on your health. Use at least six of the vocabulary words in your entries.

Entry 1: ...

Entry 2: ...

Study Groups

A class can be more rewarding if you find classmates to study with. To create effective study groups, keep these points in mind.

✵ Have everyone who is interested in the group write out a weekly schedule with class times, work schedules, family obligations, and the best times to meet. Exchange phone numbers and e-mail addresses to announce meeting times.

✵ Pick a time that can accommodate most people; it may be impossible to get everyone together all the time.

✵ Decide how often you will meet-twice a week, once a week, once a month.

✵ Pick a place that promotes studying. See whether the library has study group rooms. You want a place where you can talk freely and where you won't be interrupted by telephones, children, or other distractions.

✵ Bring the necessary books, notes, and other materials to each session.

✵ Ask group members to be "the expert" on different chapters or areas of study-have them share their in-depth study with the other group members.

✵ Assign someone to monitor the time and to remind people to keep conversations on topic. Ask anyone to leave who does not really want to study.

✵ Evaluate how useful each study session is and decide what changes may be needed for the next time.

Word List

Words to Watch

Which words would you like to practice with a bit more? Pick 3-5 words to study, and list them below. Write the word and its definition, and compose your own sentence using the word correctly. This extra practice could be the final touch to learning a word.