A practical english grammar - Vyssaja skola 1978

Adjective clauses
Sound symbols

An adjective clause modifies a noun. It identifies the noun (in which case it is called restrictive and is written without commas and spoken without pauses), or it furnishes additional information about its noun (in which case it is called поп-restrictive, is written with commas before and after, and is spoken with small pauses).

The relative pronouns that, who, whom, which, and whose are used to introduce adjective clauses.

They cut down the tree that blocked the view.

We met a woman who told fortunes with cards.

That’s the girl whom Paul is planning to marry.

They gave me a leaflet, which I dropped in the nearest trash box.

That’s the boy whose parents bought the Smith house.

It will be seen that in each case the relative pronoun has the double function of linking the clause to the word that it modifies and of replacing some word that might have been used to make the clause an independent sentence.

They cut down the tree. It blocked the view.

We met a woman. She told fortunes with cards.

That’s the girl. Paul is planning to marry her.

They gave me a leaflet. I dropped it in the nearest trash box. That’s the boy. His parents bought the Smith house.