A practical english grammar - Vyssaja skola 1978
Key to exercises
Appendix
CHAPTER 1
Exercise 1
1. Subject: those boys, Predicate: play 2. S: Henry and Charles, P: go to school 3. S: English students, P: work hard 4. S: I, P: see some boys on the playground 5. S: these beans, P: taste delicious 6. S: the articles, P: are “a,” “an,” and “the.” 7. S: the city, P: is an interesting place to live 8. S: the train, P: is approaching the station
Exercise 2
boys, cups, matches, leaves, bridges, feet, children, grades, cuffs, sheep, shops, windows, umbrellas, women, pens, cakes, birds, men, boxes, combs, tables, roofs, knives, gardens, geese, girls, mice
Exercise 3
1. a 2. some 3. any 4. a 5. some 6. any 7. a 8. some 9. any 10. a
Exercise 4
lots of: apples, time, trouble, women, work, sugar, news, people, students, rice, shoes, water, sand, keys
CHAPTER 2
Exercise 1
1. they . . . you 2. he . . . them 3’. it . . . her 4. they ... it 5. it . . . them 6. he . . . you 7. they . . . them 8. it ... it
Exercise 2
1. Is 2. are 3. Are 4. am 5. are 6. is 7. is 8. are
1. Was 2. were 3. Were 4. was 5. were 6. was 7. was 8. were
Exercise 3
1. There is 2. There are 3. There is 4. There are 5. There is 6. There is 7. There is 8. There are
CHAPTER 3
Exercise 1
1. knows 2. cost 3. seems 4. like 5. stops 6. takes 7. look 8. remember
Exercise 2
1. Does Mr. Baker work in a bank, too? 2. Do his parents play tennis, too? 3. Does the salad taste good, too? 4. Does the plane leave at 5 o’clock, too? 5. Does her brother like flowers, too? 6. Does Ellen have a new watch, too?
Exercise 3
1. don’t shine 2. doesn’t burn 3. don’t have 4. don’t grow 5. don’t know
Exercise 4
1. John’s homework 2. Their car 3. Mr. Jackson’s garden 4. my suit 5. John’s book . . . our book
1. John’s 2. Theirs 3. Mr. Jackson’s 4. mine 5. John’s . . . ours
CHAPTER 4
Exercise 1
1. in 2. on 3. outside 4. behind, in back of 5. above 6. in front of 7. beside 8. in front of 9. between 10. under
Exercise 2
1. I see the girls but I don’t see the boys. 2. Look upstairs (look) downstairs. 3. He brought a pen and some ink. 4. John and I study English. 5. Jerry ate bread and butter. 6. We sang and danced at the fair. 7. I went to the drug store and (to) the market. 8. She has two daughters and three sons. 9. I like coffee but I don’t like tea.
Exercise 3
1. Mr. Hill worked in a bank. 2. Nancy studied French. 3. Jim had a new coat. 4. The children walked to school. 5. This bottle contained alcohol. 6. They ate dinner at 7 o’clock. 7. Bob didn’t drink coffee. 8. We missed our relatives. 9. Charles finished work at 5 o’clock. 10. The Murphys lived in Pittsburgh.
CHAPTER 5
Exercise 1
1. He is working in the garden now. 2. They are visiting us now. 3. We are listening to the radio now. 4. Helen is doing her homework now. 5. Dick is writing to his cousin now. 6. The children are playing inside now. 7. Mr. Pyle is driving to work now. 8. Mr. Evans is reading the paper now. 9. The train is leaving the station now. 10. Mary is setting the table now.
Exercise 2
1. hear, hear 2. writes, is writing 3. runs, is running 4. tastes, tastes 5. contain, contains 6. gets, is getting 7. see, see 8. looks at, is looking at 9. understand, understand 10. tastes, is tasting
CHAPTER 6
Exercise 1
1. found 2. has been 3. have seen 4. bought 5. have eaten 6. have known 7. has used 8. sold 9. has taken 10. played
Exercise 2
1. Tom has worked in a bank for three months. Tom has worked in a bank since June. 2. Peter has studied for twenty minutes. Peter has studied since 8:40. 3. Burma has been independent for twenty years. Burma has been independent since 1946. 4. Mary has listened to the radio for two hours. Mary has listened to the radio since 9:15. 5. Thomas Rogers has been a doctor for ten years. Thomas Rogers has been a doctor since 1956. 6. Mrs. Reed has been a member of the club for two weeks. Mrs. Reed has been a member of the club since March 1. 7. Mr. Jackson has been dead for four years. Mr. Jackson has been dead since 1962. 8. Sheila has been married for two years. Sheila has been married since 1964.
Exercise 3
1. isn’t he 2. weren’t they 3. don’t you 4. don’t we 5. does he 6. was she 7. aren’t they 8. isn’t he 9. isn’t there 10. isn’t it
Exercise 4
1. So is Betty. 2. Tom didn’t, either. 3. Rita does, too. 4. The pens are, too. 5. So does Mr. Dillon. 6. Harry doesn’t, either. 7. The house is, too. 8. His brother did, too. 9. So were vegetables. 10. The beds weren’t, either.
CHAPTER 7
Exercise 1
1. What does John like? 2. Who answered the question? 3. When did the letter come? 4. What did Helen find in the bam? 5. Where did Mr. Simms put his keys? 6. Who(m) did you see at the dance? 7. What is Mrs. Douglas writing? 8. How was the weather? 9. How did Dave break the stick? 10. When did you meet them? 11. What was Rita holding? 12. How was the movie? 13. Whose book is this? 14. Where is A1? 15. Which (What) book did he take? 16. Whose is this? 17. Why did he come in? 18. How does she spell her name? 19. What boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit? 20. Which (What) door was damaged?
Exercise 2
1. It is probable that he failed the examination. 2. It is very annoying to lose one’s keys. 3. It is a shame that he missed the boat. 4. It is difficult to make cloth by hand. 5. It is too bad to stay indoors on a fine day.
Exercise 3
1. Mary said she wanted some more milk. 2. Mr. Owens said he remembered you (me). 3. The mailman said there weren’t any letters. 4. Dick said he had a new car. 5. Mr. Wilson said he was reading an interesting book.
Exercise 4
1. Dick asked me if I was a teacher. 2. John asked me if I spoke French. 3. Harry asked if my name was Charles. 4. Miss Dean asked me if I knew the answer. 5. Jim asked me if dinner was ready.
Exercise 5
1. Mary asked me where the teacher was. 2. Mr. Tyler asked me what time I ate dinner. 3. Bob asked Charles why he wasn’t in school. 4. Mary asked Betty who her favorite actor was. 5. Mr. Doyle asked his friend which road he took. 6. Tom asked me whose camera I used. 7. The teacher asked me what country I was from. 8. The owner asked Tom how the window got broken. 9. Mrs. Thomas asked her daughter why she stayed up so late. 10. The director asked me where the latest report was.
CHAPTER 8
Exercise 1
1. I can 2. I will 3. he couldn’t 4. they should 5. you may not 6. they will 7. you may 8. you must 9. they can 10. I can’t
Exercise 2
1. will he 2. will there 3. can he 4. shouldn’t they 5. can’t they 6. won’t it 7. would he 8. can’t we 9. should they 10. couldn’t he
Exercise 3
1. Mary said she wouldn’t be there until evening. 2. Mr. Miller said he couldn’t read my writing. 3. Jack said he might do the work himself. 4. Paul asked if he could turn on the radio. 5. Mary asked if she should clear the table. 6. Mr. Perry said he thought there would be a storm. 7. Mrs. Merrill said she couldn’t think of anything else. 8. Charles asked if he should throw the old magazines away. 9. Jim said Tom might not be at the party. 10. Mr. Flynn asked if I would take notes during the meeting.
Exercise 4
1. will, would 2. may, might 3. wouldn’t 4. should 5. may, might
Exercise 5
1. can’t 2. must 3. will 4. couldn’t 5. will
CHAPTER 9
Exercise 1
1. These letters will be mailed tomorrow. 2. Those dishes ought to be washed right away. 3. 5,000 cars were produced every day. 4. A great deal of tea is drunk in England. 5. Many beautiful objects of paper are made in Japan. 6. Medicine used to be sold here. 7. These books must be returned within two weeks. 8. He was arrested for speeding. 9. These flowers should be planted in a sunny place. 10. The door had been locked.
Exercise 2
1. We sent them a price list. 2. No change 3. She brought her father the flowers. 4. She made her son a jacket. 5. No change 6. No change 7. Would you pass Mr. Evans the sugar? 8. I sold him my car. 9. No change 10. They showed us their photographs.
CHAPTER 10
Exercise 1
want, hope, are, intend, try, begin, continue, like, have, fail, are going, promise, would like
Exercise 2
1. you are supposed to 2. they’re going to 3. she used to 4. I’d like to 5. I don’t intend to 6. they aren’t supposed to 7. we’re going to 8. I tried to 9. I plan to 10. I don’t expect to
Exercise 3
eager, reluctant, free, anxious, ashamed, fit, inclined, willing, able, afraid, impatient, ready
Exercise 4
1. The weather got cold in October. 2. I got a letter from them yesterday. 3. I got a thorn in my finger and I can’t remove it. 4. Try to get your brother to help us. 5. What time will they get to the airport? 6. Don’t cross the street here; you might get hit by a car. 7. I don’t get to attend concerts very often. 8. I have to get some things at the store.
CHAPTER 11
Exercise 1
1. to see 2. to wait, waiting 3. overhearing 4. putting 5. to listen, listening 6. to join 7. to get 8. to tell 9. to sing, singing 10. to find out 11. typing 12. to know 13. to get 14. reading 15. talking 16. to open 17. visiting 18. moving 19. to see 20. to ask
Exercise 2
1. the children to stop shouting 2. his (him) using my towel, him to use 3. him looking in all the drawers 4. Dave to stop smoking in bed 5. the men to bring in the boxes 6. him to finish the work right away 7. the battalion to attack at dawn 8. Paul to come into the water 9. the children to pick up their toys 10. Flint to see the camp
Exercise 3
1. him to sit here (him sitting here) 2. his (him) drinking it 3. her going alone (her to go alone) 4. his (him) sleeping 5. him come back 6. her to write it 7. his (him) taking it 8. it to return it 9. him to cut it 10. them to bring them
Exercise 4
1. It’s important for everyone to learn the words. 2. It’s unnecessary for you to wait. 3. It’s good for people to study languages. 4. It’s hard for old people to change their habits. 5. It’s useful for farmers to study biology. 6. It’s unusual for cats to have short tails. 7. It’s wrong for children to disobey their parents. 8. It’s all right for pedestrians to cross the street. 9. It’s not unusual for birds to fly a thousand miles. 10. It’s O.K. for the porter to take the luggage.
CHAPTER 12
Exercise 1
1. I believe her to be a great actress. 2. We discovered the assignment to be difficult. 3. I admit my accusation to be false. 4. Dr. Johnson believed his patient to be very ill. 5. We discovered him to be dishonest. 6. They concluded the trip to be dangerous. 7. She believes them to be good students. 8. I found it to be impossible. 9. She felt her son to be destined for greatness. 10. Medical science has determined smoking to be dangerous.
Exercise 2
1. Have they called off the meeting? or Have they called the meeting off? 2. You will have to give back his book, or You will have to give his book back. 3. They had to give up their plans, or They had to give their plans up. 4. Please turn in your book reports tomorrow, or Please turn your book reports in tomorrow. 5. I hope I haven’t left out any important details, or I hope I haven’t left any important details out. 6. When are they going to tear down that old building? or When are they going to tear that old building down? 7. I don’t think you should turn down this opportunity, or I don’t think you should turn this opportunity down. 8. They have carried out their duties well, or They have carried their duties out well. 9. He had to call up his sister, or He had to call his sister up. 10. They asked us to try out the new pens, or They asked us to try the new pens out.
Exercise 3
1. Please put them away. 2. He took it off. 3. The teacher looked it over. 4. When can you pay it off? 5. I have to call him up. 6. Why did you turn it down? 7. Where can I look it up? 8. We can’t hold her off any longer. 9. I can’t turn it off. 10. The students couldn’t figure them out. 11. She tried it on. 12. He picked it out.
CHAPTER 13
Exercise 1
1. Were there no children there? 2. Does he have no friends? 3. I can speak no Spanish. 4. We have no time. 5. Do you have no home? 6. Do we have no meat for supper? 7. That country has no sugar to export. 8. We wanted to swim, but we could find no suitable place. 9. Because of insufficient rainfall, they could grow no crops. 10. They wanted to do it. but they could find no time.
Exercise 2
1. All the jewels are mine. The jewels are all mine. 2. All those houses are for sale. Those houses are all for sale. 3. All her sisters are nurses. Her sisters are all nurses. 4. Aren’t all your books on the shelf? Aren’t your books all on the shelf? 5. Are all the vegetables fresh? Are the vegetables all fresh? 6. All the remaining books are yours. The remaining books are all yours. 7. Is all Australia’s wool exported? Is Australia’s wool all exported? 8. All the classrooms have enough light. The classrooms all have enough light. 9. All the boys have disappeared. The boys have all disappeared. 10. All the men were disappointed by the news. The men were all disappointed by the news.
Exercise 3
1. a little 2. a few 3. a little 4. a few 5. A few 6. A few 7. a few 8. a little 9. a few 10. a little 11. a few
CHAPTER 14
Exercise 1
1. taller 2. the worst 3. more generous 4. better 5. shorter 6. the most extraordinary 7. drier 8. longer 9. more interesting 10. younger
Exercise 2
1. bookstore 2. milkman 3. freight train 4. bathrobe 5. bank clerk 6. tennis shoes 7. cigarette case 8. sugar bowl 9. salad fork 10. language teacher 11. department store 12. broom closet 13. golf balls 14. repair shop 15. pineapple juice
CHAPTER 15
Exercise 1
1. new blue 2. many fine 3. nice little Spanish 4. the large green 5. the other small 6. many fine old 7. next outstanding political 8. those two large brown 9. her first Irish lace 10. two large Venetian glass
Exercise 2
1. who 2. who 3. whose 4. which 5. who 6. whose 7. who 8. which 9. which 10. whom 11. who 12. who
Exercise 3
No key is provided for this exercise because the number of possible sentences is quite large.
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 1
1. Have you ever been there before? 2. I’m seldom late for my appointment. 3. They’re always on time. 4. John misses his sister a lot. 5. He plays tennis all the time. 6. I can’t go today. 7. Have you seen that movie yet? 8. Yes. We’ve already seen it. 9. Do the Smiths still live on Main Street? 10. No. They don’t live there any more. 11. I won’t be able to come early. 12. They had just left when you called. 13. She said that she appreciated your thoughtfulness very much. 14. That bird can hardly fly. 15. Please do your work carefully.
Exercise 2
1. It was nice of your mother to invite us. 2. It was unkind of him to insult you. 3. It was honest of John to admit it. 4. It was very foolish of her to go alone. 5. It was thoughtful of you to think of it. 6. It was not very generous of him. 7. It was kind of them to ask us. 8. It was nice of you to tell us about it. 9. It was rude of them to refuse the invitation. 10. It was immodest of him to boast so much.
Exercise 3
1. On his desk there was an old-fashioned lamp. 2. In the distance there was nothing to see. 3. On the horizon there was one small tree. 4. On his head he wore a funny-looking hat. 5. In the streets there was nothing but mud. 6. On her left arm she was wearing a beautiful bracelet. 7. On the door there was a sign that we could not read. 8. On the bookshelves there were two small statues. 9. From our plane window we could see the city lights below. 10. Above our heads there was a flag waving in the breeze.
CHAPTER 17
Exercise 1
1. on Main Street now. 2. at the library this morning 3. in front of the office at 10 o’clock. 4. downtown tomorrow 5. to school early 6. up the street right now 7. there in a little while 8. in the mountains this summer 9. to the seashore last year 10. at home every day
Exercise 2
1. Only to a brave man will that award be given. 2. Only to a judge would something like that occur. 3. Only by trying can you succeed. 4. Only by eating nutritious foods can those children regain their strength. 5. Only by driving carefully can you avoid accidents. 6. Only by an operation can his eyesight be restored. 7. Only from the bank could Mr. White expect to get that sum of money. 8. Only to a boy who shows outstanding courage will the award be given. 9. Only by a prison term can his debt to society be repaid. 10. Only for a very old friend would I do that.
CHAPTER 18
Exercise 1
1. If it weren’t raining, we could go. 2. If he knew the answer, he would tell you. 3. If my brother were here, he would know what to do about it. 4. If the dog were well trained, it would come when you called. 5. If everyone were good and kind, we wouldn’t need any policemen. 6. If there were some truth to the rumor, there would be a story in the evening paper. 7. If he were a good player, he would win the match. 8. If I could find a pretty dress, I would buy it right away. 9. If the student used the tape recorder more often, he would improve his accent. 10. If there were an opening, you would be the first to be told about it.
Exercise 2
1. The harder it rained, the faster he drove. 2. The slower he walked, the more exasperated I became. 3. The sooner he comes, the sooner we can go home. 4. The earlier the meeting ends, the earlier they can go home. 5. The higher they climb, the farther they can fall. 6. The later he worked, the more depressed he became. 7. The longer I listened to her story, the more sympathetic I became. 8. The faster I wrote, the more illegible my writing became. 9. The harder it snowed, the more slowly the cars moved. 10. The louder I called, the hoarser my voice got.
Exercise 3
1. He’ll lose his hearing unless the operation is successful. 2. You’ll get a headache unless you wear your glasses. 3. We’ll go for a drive in the country unless it rains. 4. I’ll come to your party unless I have to work. 5. He ought to graduate in June unless he fails his exams. 6. He is coming on the 15th unless there is a change of plan. 7. The trip to town takes half an hour unless there is a traffic delay. 8. He can’t afford to go to college unless he wins a scholarship. 9. That play isn’t worth seeing unless the star is appearing in it. 10. He will get in serious trouble unless he behaves better. 11. The school should be finished next year unless there is a strike of the construction workers. 12. The bill will become law unless the President vetoes it. 13. There will be a serious water shortage unless we get rain soon. 14. She hopes to buy that painting unless her husband objects.
CHAPTER 19
Exercise 1
1. That train never does arrive on time. 2. We did see it. 3. I would like to go. 4. I have met her. 5. She does know me. 6. They were here. 7. We simply must finish on time. 8. He did do his best. 9. He has been here every day. 10. She does practice English all the time.
Exercise 2
1. Let’s not go tomorrow. 2. Let’s not tell him about it. 3. Let’s not go on the plane. 4. Let’s not wait for them. 5. Let’s not make any noise. 6. Let’s not get any coffee now. 7. Let’s not watch television tonight. 8. Let’s not buy anything. 9. Let’s not think about it. 10. Let’s not tell anybody what happened.
Exercise 3
1. What red hair he has! 2. What pretty pictures those are! 3. How graceful she is! 4. What a fast plane that is! 5. How carefully he works! 6. What tall buildings those are! 7. What an interesting book this is! 8. What a long wait we might have had! 9. What fragrant tea this is! 10. How fragrant this tea is!
Exercise 4
Suggested answers: 1. If you want to learn shorthand, you have to practice. 2. If you hope to be a good doctor, you have to study for many years. 3. If you want to fly a plane, you have to take lessons. 4. If you need to stop smoking, you have to have will power. 5. If you hope to be a suecessful surgeon, you have to have skill. 6. If you want to he a concert pianist, you have to practice many hours every day.
Exercise 5
1. The children didn’t know what to do next. 2. I wondered where to look for it. 3. She couldn’t decide which dress to wear. 4. The foreman tells us when to quit for lunch. 5. Did you find out which way to go? 6. The customer asked the salesman how to operate the machine. 7. I know just what to say if the professor calls on me. 8. She finally made up her mind which of the coats to buy.
Exercise 6
1. Never had we seen a more exciting show. 2. Not a drop did he spill. 3. Hardly had we left the nursery when the baby began to cry. 4. Little did they realize the harm they had done. 5. Seldom have I heard the piece played so well. 6. Rarely does one see an ocelet on the street. 7. Too seldom do we stop to reflect. 8. Not only is he an accomplished singer; he is also a fine actor.
Exercise 7
1. It takes 20 minutes to go to the station by bus. 2. It is of no importance that he forgot his books. 3. Please make it perfectly clear that I do not intend to be a candidate. 4. I wish to make it known that I am resigning my post as of July 1. 5. I want it understood that my orders are to be obeyed. 6. It is about five miles from here to their house. 7. It is most unusual to start studying medicine in middle age. 8. It is wise to spend less than you earn.
CHAPTER 20
Exercise 1
1. them 2. We 3. we 4. you 5. They
Exercise 2
1. XXX 2. XXX 3. XXX 4. one 5. one 6. one 7. XXX 8. XXX 9. Ones 10. one
Exercise 3
Suggested answers: Bill: Studying. And you? John: Nothing. Bill: Yes. I would. Bill: Right now. John: At the tennis courts. Bill: What time? John: Ten o’clock. John: A few. Bill: See you later. John: All right. See you.
