A practical english grammar - Vyssaja skola 1978

Linking verbs
Sound symbols

The most common linking verb is be. We have already seen how it can be followed by noun, adjective, and adverb complements. There are other verbs that function in the same way, though none of them is as versatile as be. Some can be followed only by adjectives, some only by nouns and adjectives, some by nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

The Vice President becomes President if the President dies.

He has become famous since writing that book.

Franklin D. Roosevelt remained President for a long time.

We remained uncertain, even after hearing his reassurances.

The verbs in the sentences below are usually followed in American English by adjectives only, though seem, appear, look, and a few others, may be followed by nouns in British English. In America, they can be followed by nouns only if like or to be is inserted between the linking verb and the noun; see Chapter 10.

They seem friendly.

Henry looks strong.

That storm appears dangerous.

The soup smells delicious.

The cloth feels smooth.

Her voice sounds pretty.

The family got rich.

British: He seems a nice man. I looked a fool on that occasion.

Adverb complements are not frequent except after be.

The house appeared on fire.