A practical english grammar - Vyssaja skola 1978

Used in this book
Sound symbols

Occasionally it is necessary in this book to talk about English sounds rather than spellings. In order to do this, we must use a small number of special symbols. Since vowel sounds are not represented consistently by the English spelling system, we have to have a special symbol for each of them, as well as for seven of the consonant sounds. The other sounds are represented by ordinary letters of the alphabet. Each symbol is illustrated by one or more common words containing the sound it represents.

These letters have their regular sound values: b, d, f, h, k, I, m, n, p, t, s, t, v, w, y, z.

Stress is indicated as follows: