STEP-BY-STEP Writing, Book 1: A Standards-Based Approach, Second Edition - Linda Lonon Blanton 2008

Glossary

abbreviations, p. 85 Abbreviations are short forms of words. For example, the abbreviation of the word Street is St.

action, p. 71, 72, 111, 112 The action is what is happening.

action verb, p. 17 An action verb tells what someone or something does.

address, p. 85 An address gives the name and location of the receiver of a letter.

adjective, p. 4, 16 An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun.

adverb, p. 44, 70 An adverb describes verbs or adjectives. Many adverbs end in -ly.

antonym, p. 108 An antonym is a word that has an opposite meaning to another word.

article, p. 4 The article (a, an, or the) is before a noun.

audience, p. 45, 97 The audience is a person who reads your work.

beginning, p. 111, 112 The beginning of a story introduces the story and tells about the setting and the characters.

body, p. 85 The body is the message of a letter.

capitalize, p. 7, 43 To capitalize is to make small letters larger.

Example: b —> В

categorize, p. 7 To categorize is to group similar ideas together by topic.

characters, p. 71, 72, 111, 112 Characters are the people in a story, chronological order, p. 97 Chronological order is the order in which events really happen in a story.

cite, p. 24, 123 To cite is to tell where a writer got his or her information.

click, p. 12 To click is to choose an online option with the mouse, closing, p. 85 In the closing, the sender of a letter says “good-bye” to the receiver of the letter.

comparative adjectives, p. 94 Comparative adjectives compare two people, places, or things.

concluding sentence, p. 112 The concluding sentence ends the story and tells what it means.

connecting words, p. 45 A connecting word, like or, but, and or because, joins ideas or sentences.

contraction, p. 5, 6, 17, 57 A contraction, like he’s and can’t, is one word made from two words put together with an apostrophe.

copy, p. 76 On a computer, to copy text is the first step to transfer text from one place to another. To copy, use Ctrl+C or Command+C.

count noun, p. 32 A count noun is a noun that you can count. It has both singular and plural forms.

description, p. 72 A description is the details of a person, place, thing, or event.

descriptive adjectives, p. 68 Descriptive adjectives give details to help the reader visualize what a person, place, or thing is like.

descriptive writing, p. 20, 72 Descriptive writing gives details and information about a topic.

details, p. 59 Details give more information about a main idea.

dictionary, p. 71 A dictionary is a list of words with their meanings, download, p. 64 To download is to get files from the Internet onto your computer.

draft, p. 11, 23, 37, 49, 63, 75, 89, 101, 115, 127 A draft, like a first draft, third draft, or final draft, is one version of writing. To draft, along with to revise, is step three of the writing process.

edit, p. 12, 24, 38, 50, 64, 76, 90, 102, 116, 128 To edit is to make writing better by making small changes. Editing is step four of the writing process.

e-mail, p. 86 An e-mail is an electronic message sent using the Internet.

end, p. 111, 112 The end of a story tells what the story means or why it is important.

end punctuation, p. 33 End punctuation, like a period, is the mark at the end of a sentence to make written ideas clear.

exact phrase, p. 38 An exact phrase is used to find what you are looking for on the Internet. Quotation marks are used around the exact phrase to narrow your search.

expository writing, p. 46 Expository writing explains, describes, or gives information to an audience.

exclamation point, p. 33 An exclamation point is a punctuation mark used at the end of a sentence to make a statement stronger. It looks like this: !

first person, p. 112 In a first person narrative, the writer uses a person in the story to tell the story, using the pronouns I, me, we, and us. form, p. 97 Form is the shape or style of something.

formal letter, p. 98 A formal letter gives more background information and uses more formal language than friendly letters. A formal letter is usually used when a writer is writing to someone they don’t know. Business letters and event invitations are examples of formal letters.

friendly letter, p. 86, 98 A friendly letter is an informal letter that is written to a friend or family member.

future tense, p. 95 The future tense of a verb tells about an action that will happen later, or in the future.

general information, p. 71 General information gives information about a topic, like time and place.

greeting, p. 85 In the greeting of a letter, the writer says “hello” to the receiver.

heading, p. 85 The heading gives the date of a letter.

highlight, p. 76 To highlight is to select a word or words by holding down the left button on a mouse, running the arrow over the word or words, and then releasing the button.

hits, p. 38 Hits are the Web sites you find in a search on the Internet.

hyperlink, p. 12, 24, 38, 90, 102 A hyperlink is something you can click on a Web page, opening a new Web site.

imperative form, p. 31 Imperative form gives a command or instructions.

indent, p. 59 When you indent, you leave space before writing a line of text.

informal message, p. 86 An informal message, like a friendly letter or an e-mail, is usually written to a friend or family member. It often tells how the author is feeling and about recent events or activities.

informational writing, p. 8 Informational writing gives information about a topic. Information forms, surveys, and reports are examples of informational writing.

Internet, p. 12 The Internet is a world-wide computer network.

journal, p. 72 A journal, or diary, is a book or Web site where you write about your experiences.

keyword, p. 12, 76 An keyword is used to search a topic on the Internet.

location phrases, p. 68 A location phrase tells where something is located.

main idea, p. 59 The main idea (or controlling idea) is the focus, central thought, or purpose of a paragraph.

middle, p. 111, 112 The middle of a story gives details about the action or plot.

narrative description, p. 20 A narrative description describes a part of your life, like your home or family.

narrow, p. 38 To narrow is to reduce or limit your Internet search.

noncount noun, p. 32 A noncount noun is a noun that you cannot count. It does not have a plural form.

noun, p. 4 A noun is a person, place, or thing.

open, p. 76 On a computer, to open a document or file means to make it appear on the screen for use.

order of importance, p. 45 Order of importance gives central ideas first, and then less important ideas.

ordinal numbers, p. 42 Ordinal numbers show the order or sequence in which something happens. Example: first, second, or last.

organize, p. 10, 22, 36, 48, 62, 74, 88, 100, 114, 126 To organize is to put something in order. To organize is step two of the writing process.

paragraph, p. 59 A paragraph is a group of sentences about a topic, paraphrase, p. 123 To paraphrase is to retell in a writer’s own words information from a source.

paste, p. 76 On the computer, to paste text is the second step to transfer text from one place to another. To paste, use Ctrl+V or Command+V.

period, p. 33 A period is a punctuation mark that is a dot at the end of a sentence. It looks like this: .

persuasive writing, p. 60 In persuasive writing, the author tries to make an audience agree with the writer's opinion.

personal narrative, p. 112 A personal narrative tells a story from the author’s point of view.

plot, p. 111 The plot is the series of main events that make up a story.

plural form, p. 16 The plural form of a noun tells about more than one person, place, or thing.

point of view, p. 112 A point of view is the way the narrator looks at or understands something.

possessive adjective, p. 18 A possessive adjective is the possessive form of a personal pronoun, such as my, your, his, her, their, or our.

possessive noun, p. 18 A possessive noun is the name of an owner. Posessive nouns include an apostrophe. Example: Francisco’s book

preposition, p. 18 A preposition is a short connecting word, such as to, from, with, and in, that shows how two things or ideas are related.

prepositional phrases, p. 44 A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. Prepositional phrases are used to show location, time, or description.

present continuous tense, p. 69 The present continuous tense tells what is happening right now.

pre-write, p. 10, 22, 36, 48, 62, 74, 88, 100, 114, 126 To pre-write is to take notes about what you are going to write about. Pre-writing is the first step of the writing process.

print, p. 64 To print from a computer is to put words or images onto paper.

pronoun, p. 70 A pronoun a word that takes place of a noun, like he, she, it, we, or they.

publish, p. 12, 24, 38, 50, 64, 76, 90, 102, 116, 128 To publish a piece of writing, the final draft is hand-written or typed on the computer for an audience to read. To publish is the last step of the writing process.

purpose, p. 97 The purpose is why the writer is writing.

quantity adjectives, p. 58 Quantity adjectives are adjectives that tell the amount, or how many, of a noun there is. Example: Many books; some students.

question mark, p. 33 A question mark is a punctuation mark at the end of a sentence to show that the sentence asks a question. It looks like this: ?

receiver, p. 85, 86 The receiver is the person who a letter is written for.

return address, p. 85 A return address gives the name and location of the writer of a letter.

results bar, p. 38 The results bar shows the information that is searched for on the Internet. It is located at the top of the Web page.

revise, p. 11, 23, 37, 49, 63, 75, 89, 101, 115, 127 To revise is to make changes to your draft of writing to improve it. To revise, along with to draft, is step three of the writing process.

search, p. 12, 24 To search is to look up information on the Internet.

search engine, p. 12 A search engine is used to look up information on the Internet.

sensory adjectives, p. 56 Sensory adjectives describe how things smell, feel, taste, sound, and look.

sentence, p. 19 A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

sequential order, p. 33 Sequential order tells the order of events.

sequence words, p. 33 Sequence words are used to show the order of events.

setting, p. 71, 72, 111, 112 Setting is the time and place of the story.

should or shouldn’t, p. 58 Should or shouldn’t are verbs used to make suggestions.

signal words, p. 45 Signal words, like too and as well, add information in a story.

signature, p. 85 The signature is the signed name under the closing in a letter.

simple past tense, p. 8, 109 The simple past tense describes events or actions completed in the past.

simple present tense, p. 17 The simple present tense describes things that are generally true or happen regularly.

simple verb tense, p. 121 Simple verb tense is a verb with no endings or other changes. For example, walk, speak, and see are in the simple verb tense.

singular form, p. 16 The singular form of a noun names one person, place, or thing.

source, p. 24, 123 A source is the place where the writer got the information used in his or her writing.

spatial order, p. 19 Spatial order gives information by location, or space.

specific details, p. 71 Specific details give more exact information about a subject.

statement with be, p. 5 A statement with be is a sentence using a form of the verb to be. Example: Francisco is a student.

statement with There is/ There are, p. 57 A statement with there is/there are is a sentence using the simple present tense of the verb to be. There is is used with singular nouns and noncount nouns. There are is used with plural nouns.

stories, p. 72 Stories are pieces of writing that are made up in the writer’s mind.

subject, p. 19 The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.

subject pronoun, p. 6 A subject pronoun is used in place of a noun that is the subject of a sentence.

subject-verb agreement, p. 122 The subject-verb agreement rule states that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number.

summary, p. 124 A summary gives the facts and main ideas from a longer passage or story.

summary paragraph, p. 123 A summary paragraph tells the main ideas and the important details from a longer passage

superlative adjectives, p. 94 Superlative adjectives compare three or more people, places, or things.

supporting sentence, p. 59, 60, 112 A supporting sentence gives details or more information about the topic.

synonyms, p. 56,108 Synonym is a word that has the same or similar meaning to another word.

technical writing, p. 34 Technical writing often gives instructions.

It sometimes explains how to do a procedure.

time expressions, p. 82 Time expressions tell when something happens or how long something lasts.

timeline, p. 97 A timeline organizes events by time.

topic, p. 7, 45, 59, 97 A topic is what the paragraph or story is about.

topic sentence, p. 59, 60, 112, 123 A topic sentence is the sentence that gives the main idea of the paragraph.

thesaurus, p. 56 A thesaurus groups words together into synonyms and antonyms.

verb. p. 17, 19 The verb tells the action of the subject.

wh- questions, p. 43, 110 Wh- questions, like who, what, when, where, and how, are questions that ask for information.

transition words, p. 111 Transition words connect sentences and ideas.