How to write and publish a scientific paper - Barbara Gastel, Robert A. Day 2022

Noting strengths and limitations
How to write the discussion
Preparing the text

The discussion is a place to note substantial strengths and limitations of the research being reported. Some authors feel awkward about including such content. However, doing so can aid readers, and it can make the case to editors and referees (peer reviewers) that your work is publishable.

Figure 13.1. (Created with BioRender.com)

Some authors consider it immodest to note the strengths of their work—for example, superior experimental techniques, a large sample size, or long follow-up. However, such information can aid readers in determining how definitive the findings are.

What if the research has significant limitations—such as difficulties with a technique, a relatively small sample size, or relatively short follow-up? Some authors might try to hide such limitations. However, doing so runs counter to the openness that should characterize science. And astute reviewers, editors, or readers might well notice the limitations anyway—and assume, either to themselves or in writing, that you were too naive to notice them. It is better, therefore, to identify limitations yourself. In doing so, you may be able to discuss what impact, if any, the limitations are likely to have on the conclusions that can be drawn.

Not every discussion needs to discuss strengths or limitations of the research. However, if a study has strengths or limitations major enough to be worthy of note, consider addressing them in the discussion.