5 Steps to a 5: 500 AP U.S. Government and Politics - Brian Stevens, William Madden 2022

UNIT 2 Interactions among branches of government

In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each [is] subdivided among distinct and separate departments.

—James Madison, Federalist #51

93. What constitutional principle is Madison referring to when he mentions “the compound republic”?

(A) A unitary structure of government

(B) A federal structure of government

(D) An authoritarian structure of government

94. When Madison mentions “the portion allotted to each [is] subdivided among distinct and separate departments,” he is referring to

(A) separation of powers.

(B) popular sovereignty.

(D) enumerated powers.

95. In a large republic like the United States that has power dispersed and tempered by our system, what would Madison have believed could be controlled?

(A) The will of the people

(B) Factions

(D) The impulse of the bureaucracy

Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive, that, in a government in which they are separated from each other, the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in a capacity to annoy or injure them.

—Alexander Hamilton, Federalist #70

96. Which of the following constitutional principles would support Hamilton’s claim found above?

(A) The concept of legislative supremacy

(B) Federalism

(D) The checks on the judiciary are stronger than those on the other branches.

97. Which of the following constitutional principles would dispute Hamilton’s thesis?

(A) The Supreme Court’s ability to conduct investigations

(B) The oversight the federal courts have over Congress

(D) The judiciary’s ability to enforce federal law

98. Which of the following interest groups used the judiciary most effectively to secure rights for its members?

(A) The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)

(B) The National Rifle Association (NRA)

(D) The Sierra Club

99. Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution includes the Commerce Clause, an enumerated power given to Congress. This is the constitutional application in which required case?

(A) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

(B) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

(D) United States v. Lopez (1995)

100. After the Court case U.S. v. Nixon (1974), President Richard Nixon decided to resign from office. Nixon’s resignation demonstrated that he had some respect for

(A) judicial review.

(B) consent of the governed.

(D) the rule of law.

There are certain vital principles in our free Republican governments, which will determine and over-rule an apparent and flagrant abuse of legislative power.

—Justice Samuel Chase, Calder v. Bull (1798)

101. What are some options that can be used against “apparent and flagrant abuse of legislative power”?

(A) Presidential veto

(B) Judicial review by the courts

(D) All of the above

102. In contemporary times, what would be an example of how Congress has created traditions that do not meet constitutional standards?

(A) Creating the position of Speaker of the House

(B) The Senate filibuster

(D) The ability to override a presidential veto

Nowhere in the Constitution . . . is there any explicit reference to a privilege of confidentiality, yet to the extent that this interest relates to the effective discharge of a president’s powers, it is constitutionally based.

—Chief Justice Warren Burger, United States v. Nixon (1974)

103. The informal presidential power that Chief Justice Burger is referring to is

(A) executive orders.

(B) impounding of federally allocated funds.

(D) the line-item veto.

104. The interchange in this case between the president and the Supreme Court is an example of

(A) the social contract.

(B) checks and balances.

(D) a bicameral Congress.

105. What was the consequence of the United States v. Nixon decision?

(A) Nixon was impeached and removed from office.

(B) Congress decided to censure Nixon.

(D) Nixon lost his reelection bid.

106. What position acts as the federal government’s lawyer before the Supreme Court?

(A) The president’s personal counsel

(B) The solicitor general

(D) None of the above

107. Which of the following is a message attached to a bill by the president that may outline how the president intends to enforce that law?

(A) Signing statement

(B) Veto message

(D) An executive order to enforce the bill

108. Which of the following is an opinion from the Supreme Court that has the force of law?

(A) Majority opinion

(B) Concurring opinion

(D) Per curiam opinion

109. Which federal position below does not require Senate confirmation?

(A) White House Chief of Staff

(B) Federal district court judge

(D) Chairman of the Federal Reserve

110. Congress can exercise oversight over the bureaucracy with all the methods below EXCEPT that

(A) Congress can choose to eliminate an agency’s budget.

(B) the Senate confirms agency directors.

(D) Congress can declare an agency unconstitutional and eliminate it.

A recent Virginia case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Transgender students in the Gloucester County School District sought to use bathrooms that reflected their gender identity. The district barred transgender students from using those bathrooms, requiring them to use unisex bathrooms instead. At issue was a federal antidiscrimination law applied to LGBTQ students at an institution that receives federal funding. A federal district court allowed the prohibitions to stand.

The U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case.

111. What constitutional clause would be the focus of this case?

(A) The Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendment

(B) The Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment

(D) The Preamble to the U.S. Constitution

112. If the Supreme Court decided that the antidiscrimination law violated the Constitution, the Court would be using its power of

(A) granting certiorari.

(B) granting an appeal.

(D) judicial review.

113. If the Supreme Court decided to take the case, what is the minimum number of justices needed to bring the case to the Court?

(A) Four

(B) Five

(D) Seven

A large focus of President Biden’s domestic agenda has been passing a massive $2 trillion infrastructure bill, much of which is eco-friendly. Eighty billion dollars of this bill is dedicated to creating clean energy jobs, which Biden hopes will spur similar investments in clean energy companies. To highlight this, Biden recently took a Zoom tour of an electric and battery manufacturing plant to show that the federal government has a role to play in creating such jobs.

114. What presidential role does President Biden play in the paragraph above?

(A) Chief administrator

(B) Head of state

(D) Commander-in-chief

115. What informal presidential power may President Biden use to get this piece of legislation passed?

(A) Executive order

(B) Bully pulpit

(D) Signing statement

116. What are some obstacles Congress could put up to derail President Biden’s legislative initiative?

(A) Members of the Senate may threaten to filibuster this bill.

(B) The House Rules Committee may put onerous rules on the bill if it makes it to the House floor.

(D) All of the above

117. Which cabinet department was not part of the original Cabinet created by George Washington?

(A) Treasury

(B) Commerce

(D) Attorney General

118. The federal government uses financial tools to pursue its agenda. But this does NOT include

(A) categorical grants.

(B) mandates.

(D) the Takings Clause.

In a reversal from President Trump’s reinstatement of federal executions, Attorney General Merrick Garland issued a moratorium on federal executions. Garland determined that the Justice Department would review procedures to make sure that federal execution policy would be consistent.

119. Attorney General Garland, as a member of the executive branch, can issue such a moratorium because

(A) the executive branch oversees all executions in the United States.

(B) Attorney General Garland used the power of judicial review to strike down such a procedure as unconstitutional.

(D) the president can make laws in regard to capital punishment.

120. Capital punishment in the United States is a

(A) federal issue.

(B) state issue.

(D) None of the above

121. Opponents of capital punishment would use what constitutional right to claim that capital punishment is unconstitutional?

(A) Capital punishment violates a right to privacy.

(B) It is cruel and unusual punishment.

(D) Most verdicts in capital punishment cases do not involve a trial by jury.

Select committees are temporary committees created by either chamber of Congress to investigate a specific issue or activity. Recently, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) created such a committee to look into the cause of the January 6 attack on the Capitol building by Trump supporters. Pelosi named to the committee Representative Liz Cheney (R-Wyo), a prominent critic of former President Trump and his role in the January 6 insurrection.

122. Congress, when creating a select committee to carry out this investigation, is exercising

(A) the power of the purse.

(B) congressional oversight.

(D) the policing power.

123. Select committees are temporary committees only using members of one chamber of Congress. What type of committee meets on a regular basis and serves as a filter for proposed legislation?

(A) Conference committee

(B) Joint committee

(D) Standing committee

124. To give the January 6 select committee credibility, Speaker Pelosi’s goal was to

(A) select distinguished members of the House to serve on the committee.

(B) get the Supreme Court to certify the committee.

(D) achieve bipartisan support by naming a well-known Republican to the committee.

125. According to the Constitution, what institution determines how members of the Electoral College are selected?

(A) State legislatures

(B) Congress

(D) Special state conventions

Source: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (LC-USZC4-12983).

126. Modern political theorists who look at this political cartoon of Andrew Jackson would agree with which presidential role?

(A) The imperial president

(B) Chief diplomat

(D) Chief administrator

127. Which constitutional amendment limits the president to two elected terms?

(A) Fourth Amendment

(B) Tenth Amendment

(D) Twenty-seventh Amendment

Every time a new justice comes to the Supreme Court, it’s a different court.

—Justice Byron White

128. What did Justice White mean by the above statement?

(A) That when a new justice arrives, the Supreme Court gets a new title (“The White Court”).

(B) The Supreme Court changes a bit in terms of ideology and focus.

(D) The seating arrangement of Court members changes.

129. Because it’s a different Court when a new justice comes abroad, what process has become even more important in recent years?

(A) The American Bar Association’s rating of a new justice

(B) The nomination of a new justice by the president

(D) The vetting process conducted by federal appeals court judges

130. What group of people can a president of the United States pardon?

(A) Citizens who have been convicted of a federal crime

(B) People who have violated international law

(D) All of the above

131. In what year did we see a dramatic drop in the number of federal bureaucrats relative to the general population?

(A) January 1992

(B) January 2000

(D) January 2010

132. What seems to be a plausible reason for the sharp drop in bureaucrats?

(A) Congress decided to fire many federal bureaucrats.

(B) Severe economic situations prohibited/inhibited the federal government from hiring new bureaucrats.

(D) In those years, bureaucrats chose to leave public service for the private sector.

133. Why were the delegates of the Constitutional Convention sent to Philadelphia in 1787?

(A) They were sent to pay the debts from the American Revolution.

(B) They were sent to amend the Articles of Confederation.

(D) Fearing war with Britain, the delegates were planning to form a new army.

134. The Pendleton Civil Service Act, passed in 1883, eventually created what type of system for the federal bureaucracy?

(A) Spoils system

(B) The federal system

(D) The merit system

135. In the bill-making process, to what type of committee is a bill sent to reconcile differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate?

(A) Standing committee

(B) Select committee

(D) Conference committee

136. Who is the leading prosecutor in the federal judicial system?

(A) The chief justice of the Supreme Court

(B) The attorney general

(D) The surgeon general

The framers of the Constitution were so clear in the federalist papers and elsewhere that they felt an independent judiciary was critical to the success of the nation.

—Sandra Day O’Connor

137. Which of the following constitutional provisions helps secure an independent federal judiciary?

(A) Lifetime terms

(B) Citizenship requirements

(D) Congressional oversight of the judiciary

138. Although an independent judiciary is vital in our constitutional democracy, there are checks and balances. Checks on the judiciary INCLUDE

(A) nomination of judges by the president.

(B) use of the pardon power by the president.

(D) All of the above

139. Early in our republic, there were concerns about a strong federal judiciary. Alexander Hamilton believed that those fears were unfounded, calling the judiciary “the least dangerous branch.” This quote is found in what Foundational Document?

(A) Articles of Confederation

(B) Brutus #1

(D) Federalist #78

140. Critics of American federalism argue that the decentralization of a federal system promotes intolerance. An example of this can be found in

(A) the president’s use of executive orders.

(B) Jim Crow laws passed by southern states.

(D) the practice of nullification by the states.

141. James Madison argued that factions could be regulated by decentralization of government promoted by a bicameral Congress in what Foundational Document?

(A) Articles of Confederation

(B) Constitution

(D) Brutus #1

142. What two events together are considered to help the expansion of the federal government and the bureaucracy in particular?

(A) The Civil War and Reconstruction

(B) The Progressive Era and World War I

(D) The Civil Rights Era and the Vietnam War

143. What type of jurisdiction does the U.S. Supreme Court have?

(A) Original

(B) Appellate

(D) None of the above

144. What is the middle-level court in the federal judicial system?

(A) U.S. Supreme Court

(B) Federal court of appeals, also known as federal circuit courts

(D) Specialized trial courts such as the U.S. military court

145. One trend found in the chart above concerning federal court caseloads is that

(A) criminal cases have shot up tremendously.

(B) the federal court system is handling fewer cases.

(D) federal criminal and civil cases have roughly the same number of cases every year.

146. Overall, comparing the federal court system with the state court systems, state court systems

(A) handle most civil cases.

(B) hear more criminal cases than the federal courts do.

(D) All of the above

147. Which Foundational Document would support a federal or state judiciary?

(A) Federalist #51

(B) Brutus #1

(D) Federalist #78

Recently, the Department of Education announced that it was canceling $55.6 million in student loan debt for 1,800 students who were victims of for-profit college fraud. This was in line with similar moves by the Biden administration, which now total a cancellation of $1.5 billion of student loan debt. A Department of Education statement defended the action, saying that the department was standing up to colleges that took advantage of students.

148. The action taken by the Department of Education is an action taken by which branch of government?

(A) Legislative branch

(B) Executive branch

(D) State legislatures

149. The secretary of education is a leader of what organization?

(A) Government corporation

(B) Independent regulatory agency

(D) Executive Office of the President (EOP)

150. If the president of the United States were to fire the secretary of education, what would he or she have to do?

(A) Nothing; the Constitution allows the president to fire cabinet members.

(B) The president would need permission from the Senate.

(D) A majority vote of cabinet members is required before removal.

151. What is a key provision of the War Powers Act, passed in 1973?

(A) Allows the president to declare war instead of Congress

(B) Gives Congress some input in regard to troop deployment

(D) Allows the Supreme Court to review presidential war actions

152. The War Power Act was passed largely in response to what war?

(A) World War II

(B) Korean War

(D) Gulf War

153. Which standing committee oversees tax policy in the House of Representatives?

(A) Ways and Means Committee

(B) Finance Committee

(D) Rules Committee

154. If there was a divided Congress (House controlled by one party, Senate by another), what would be the issue that prevents Congress from allocating money to federal institutions?

(A) A bicameral legislature.

(B) The president’s refusal to execute spending laws

(D) All of the above

155. If Congress is hesitant to address an issue, what most likely would prompt Congress to take action on the issue?

(A) The president using the bully pulpit to draw attention to the issue and get legislation moving

(B) Third parties bringing more attention to the issue

(D) The Department of the Interior issuing a warning about the security of the Capitol building

156. Which of the following cabinet departments deals with foreign affairs?

(A) State

(B) Commerce

(D) Justice (Attorney General)

157. Who is the Justice Department’s second-ranking official, who acts as the federal government’s lawyer before the Supreme Court?

(A) Surgeon general

(B) Chief justice of the Supreme Court

(D) District of Columbia’s U.S. Attorney

158. For an interest group filing an amicus brief with the Supreme Court, the brief serves as a form of

(A) judicial lobbying.

(B) corporate corruption.

(D) free-rider policy.

159. Interest groups using the judicial system as a forum became more prevalent in the twentieth century. Which interest groups below used the federal court system as a forum and the Constitution as a weapon?

(A) American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

(B) National Organization for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

(D) All of the above

160. Which of the following required Court cases helped create public defense attorneys in the United States?

(A) Schenck v. United States (1919)

(B) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

(D) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

161. Which type of federal funding to the states is allowed to be spent at the discretion of local officials?

(A) Mandates

(B) Block grants

(D) Revenue sharing

162. In criminal trial procedure, what is a widely used method to bypass going to trial?

(A) Have a case go directly to an appellate court

(B) Ask a judge to provide a verdict immediately after the defendant is charged

(D) Agree to a plea bargain

163. How does a citizen get charged with a crime in the federal court system?

(A) The citizen is formally charged in a District Court plea hearing.

(B) The U.S. attorney presses charges.

(D) The local District Court judge announces charges against the accused.

164. After the president and vice president, who is next in line for presidential succession?

(A) Secretary of state

(B) Speaker of the House

(D) Chief justice of the United States

An elective despotism was not the government we fought for; but one in which the powers of government should be so divided and balanced among the several bodies of magistracy so that no one could transcend their legal limits without being effectually checked and restrained by the others.

—James Madison, Federalist #58

165. Madison believed that republics, even with elected representatives, could become despotic. What measures were put into the Constitution to avoid such situations?

(A) Separation of powers

(B) Checks and balances

(D) All of the above

166. Madison called for a government “so divided and balanced among the several bodies of magistracy.” However, government power wasn’t necessarily equally divided. What constitutional premise was initially found in the document?

(A) The Imperial Presidency

(B) The unchecked power of the Supreme Court

(D) Balance of legislative power given to state legislatures

167. Which of the following Foundational Documents focused on the division of power at the federal level?

(A) Articles of Confederation

(B) Declaration of Independence

(D) “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

In a reversal of state policy, highly populated Los Angeles County decided to require masks to be worn indoors to combat a recent surge in the highly contagious COVID-19 Delta variant. The county mandate also included people who were vaccinated. This county action came only one month after California dropped the statewide mandate. The Los Angeles County mask requirement went into effect immediately.

168. When combating the spread of COVID-19 in the United States, why can a local government like Los Angeles County issue an order for the use of indoor masks?

(A) Because in the United States a state or county government retains more sovereignty than the national government.

(B) The U.S. federal government has no control over medical services.

(C) In a federal system such as that used by the United States, local governments have the ability to address local issues as seen fit.

(D) Usually local governments have the resources to deal with a pandemic such as COVID-19.

169. A criticism of a federal government such as that in the United States when dealing with a national crisis like COVID-19 is that

(A) federal structures have a weak national government.

(B) with political power so decentralized in a federal system, coordinating national policy to combat a national crisis can be difficult.

(C) in the American federal system political power moves from the bottom up, allowing local governments to address this issue.

(D) in the United States, all public policy must be coordinated between the national and state governments.

170. In a country such as Great Britain, which employs a unitary structure, public policy when combating an issue such as COVID-19 most likely would come from

(A) the national government.

(B) state governments.

(D) municipal governments.

171. In terms of political leadership, what is the equivalent position to the Speaker of the House in the Senate?

(A) President of the Senate (vice president of the United States)

(B) Minority leader

(D) Majority leader

172. If a city government seeks federal funds to create an industrial park in its city, which grant would give the city the best chance to acquire the funds?

(A) Land grant

(B) Block grant

(D) Categorical grant

173. Which type of congressional committee reconciles different versions of a bill passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate?

(A) Select

(B) Standing

(D) Conference

174. What is the only federal position that requires confirmation by both the House of Representatives and the Senate?

(A) Chief justice of the United States

(B) Vice president of the United States

(D) Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

175. Where do most bills, in the House and the Senate, die?

(A) In subcommittees

(B) In standing committees

(D) None of the above

176. Creation of the federal bureaucracy is due to the constitutional management of

(A) Congress creating executive branches.

(B) the president delegating executive authority.

(D) the states retaining the same authority as the federal government.

177. All the following are limits the Supreme Court can place on the federal judiciary EXCEPT

(A) that life tenure insulates judges from each other.

(B) that the Supreme Court cannot easily force the implementation of decisions.

(D) that the cost of continually monitoring lower courts is prohibitive.

178. Amicus curiae briefs and solicitor general support often may lead the Supreme Court to grant certiorari because

(A) the solicitor general is the lead attorney for the U.S. government.

(B) both amicus briefs and the solicitor general set the agenda for the court.

(D) amicus briefs and the solicitor general are part of most cases appealed to the court.

179. Congressional committees and subcommittees exist to

(A) acquire the information needed to pass meaningful and comprehensive legislation.

(B) offer important political posts to influential representatives and senators.

(D) streamline the ever-growing legislative process.

180. All the following are types of committees in Congress EXCEPT

(A) select committees.

(B) party committees.

(D) conference committees.

181. What congressional institution audits and reports on programs and agencies?

(A) Office of Inspector General (OIG)

(B) Specific subcommittees

(D) Government Accountability Office (GAO)

182. Which of the following is a significant tactic Congress can use to maintain the balance of power with the executive and judicial branches and bureaucracies?

(A) Holding investigations

(B) Passing laws

(D) Taking positions on issues that usually fall to one of the other groups

183. The most important factor influencing whether a member of Congress can affect agency action is whether he or she is

(A) a member of the majority party.

(B) a representative of a constituency affected by a particular agency action.

(D) affiliated with certain interest groups.

184. When party control in Congress is powerful, rather than committees of individuals, the relationship between Congress and the bureaucracy relies on

(A) detailed statutes.

(B) expert testimony at hearings.

(D) budgetary tools and appropriation bills.

185. Committee representation reflecting the membership depends on

(A) the party in power.

(B) the party leadership’s control of the committee process.

(D) the issues the committee considers.

186. House leadership has more control over committee output than the Senate because of

(A) standing committees.

(B) subcommittees.

(D) the Ways and Means Committee.

187. When the president uses his or her stature via the media to promote his or her policy, he or she is using the

(A) bully pulpit.

(B) power of the purse.

(D) role of commander-in-chief.

188. As commander-in-chief of the armed forces, the president has the power to

(A) declare war.

(B) hold the highest rank in the military.

(D) None of the above

189. As chief diplomat, the president can use which of the following as a means of avoiding the treaty-ratification process in Congress?

(A) Executive agreements

(B) Signing statements

(D) Presidential summits with other leaders

190. The president’s right to withhold information from Congress is his or her

(A) national security privilege.

(B) executive privilege.

(D) executive prerogative.

191. Presidents have authority to issue executive orders because of

(A) reserved powers.

(B) delegated powers.

(D) concurrent powers.

192. One explicit constitutional responsibility given to the president that has enabled modern presidents to mobilize public opinion is

(A) the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

(B) the State of the Union address.

(D) being commander-in-chief.

193. Which cabinet department employs the most people?

(A) State Department

(B) Defense Department

(D) Department of Labor

194. What cabinet department was created as a reaction to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks?

(A) Homeland Security

(B) Defense Department

(D) National Security Agency

195. The War Powers Act of 1973 sought to

(A) remove the president’s ability to declare war.

(B) create a committee to determine whether American military involvement is necessary.

(D) require the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing troops.

196. The executive branch has the most control over setting the policy agenda because

(A) the president has the bully pulpit.

(B) Congress concentrates on legislation.

(D) the national bureaucracy is rooted in the executive branch.

197. Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to change the makeup of the Supreme Court by

(A) decreasing the number of justices.

(B) changing the tenure of justices.

(D) increasing the number of justices.

198. Elected officials in the legislative and executive branches delegate authority to the bureaucracy to

(A) increase efficient delivery of services to the public.

(B) avoid the responsibility of poor bureaucratic action.

(D) offset judicial rulings that may affect legislation.

Table 2.1. GAO Resources, FY1995—FY2009

199. According to the chart above, what trend appears in the Government Accountability Office (GAO) spending?

(A) The GAO budget is stagnant.

(B) Since the year 2000, the GAO budget has risen greatly.

(D) None of the above

200. What is the term used to describe how a bureaucratic agency such as the GAO has some flexibility in regard to how it spends money?

(A) Entitlements

(B) Red tape

(D) Executive oversight

201. What would be a reasonable assumption about the federal budget after viewing the GAO budget chart on the previous page?

(A) The federal budget is constant year to year.

(B) Tax dollars are not spent in a responsible manner.

(D) The federal budget tends to get larger every budget cycle.

202. What is the function of the Government Accounting Office?

(A) To provide information to Congress

(B) To serve as an executive branch agency

(D) To give monetary policy advice to the Federal Reserve

203. Which of the following is an advantage of an incumbent in a congressional election?

(A) Incumbents usually receive a greater share of donations than a challenger.

(B) The federal government provides financial assistance to incumbents.

(D) All of the above

204. Creation of the federal bureaucracy is due to the constitutional management of

(A) Congress creating executive branches.

(B) the president-delegated executive authority.

(D) the states retaining the same authority as the federal government.

205. The U.S. Postal Service is the best representation of what type of bureaucracy?

(A) Independent government corporation

(B) Independent regulatory commission

(D) Independent congressional agency

206. Judicial review—the ability of the Supreme Court to decide the constitutionality of laws—was established in which of the following cases?

(A) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

(B) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

(D) Scott v. Sandford (1857)

207. Which Court case established the limits of presidential emergency authority?

(A) Korematsu v. United States (1944)

(B) Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company v. Sawyer (1952)

(D) Rasul v. Bush (2004)

208. Which of the following provides an accurate description of categorical grants and block grants?

209. Which pairing provides an accurate description of the cabinet and the Executive Office of the President?

210. Which of the following pairings provides correct definitions of judicial activism and judicial restraint?

211. Which of the pairings presents the top political leaders of the House of Representatives and the Senate?

212. Which pairing accurately provides examples of congressional and executive oversight of the bureaucracy?

213. Which of the following pairings is a result of Marbury v. Madison (1803) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

214. Which of the following pairings provides accurate definitions of an executive order and executive privilege?

215. Which pairing demonstrates the functions of the House Rules Committee and the House Ways and Means Committee?

216. Which of the following constitutional powers are given to the president and Congress?

217. Which of the following definitions can be applied to a standing committee and a conference committee?

218. Which of the following pairings provides an example of a formal presidential power and an informal presidential power?

219. Which of the following pairing describes how debate is determined in the House of Representatives and the Senate?

220. Identify the pairing that accurately describes an effect of presidential and congressional elections.

221. Which pairing accurately provides an example of differences between a trial court and an appellate court?

The experience of other nations will afford little instruction on this head. As far, however, as it teaches anything, it teaches us not to be enamored of plurality in the executive.

—Alexander Hamilton, Federalist #70

222. The above quote is an example of the main thesis of Federalist #70, which is that

(A) the executive branch should be deferential to the judicial branch.

(B) the new Constitution should continue the practice of the Articles of Confederation and have a strong executive branch.

(D) the country should use the single-monarch model found in Europe at that time.

223. Which of the following items are examples of the president receiving aid administering federal law?

(A) The Cabinet created by George Washington

(B) The Executive Office of the President (EOP)

(D) All of the above

224. What can be used to curb the power of an overly vigorous executive?

(A) Congress being able to fire cabinet members

(B) Allowing the states to nullify federal laws the president enforces

(D) The Supreme Court declaring an executive order unconstitutional

225. Which of the following organizations is an example of a government corporation?

(A) Federal Bureau of Investigation

(B) U.S. Postal Service

(D) Internal Revenue Service