APA style and citations for dummies - Joe Giampalmi 2021
Seeing is believing: real-life reference items
Formatting last impressions: reference list
Practicing safe cites: writing and citing sources
Here you assemble all the parts from this chapter and look at models of a variety of reference entries. In this section, you have models to duplicate. You have major categories of entries followed by annotations highlighting key features. The reference samples include all the likely models you’ll need in order to write successful undergraduate research papers.
The terms periodical and journal are frequently used interchangeably, but they have some subtle differences. A periodical is a regularly published document that passed the test of time. A journal, frequently scholarly and academic, refers to a newspaper, magazine — or scholarly journal. Periodical refers to a more general publication, and journal refers to a more specific and usually more scholarly publication. If you want to sound more scholarly, use the term scholarly journal.
Books and reference works
Books and reference works are common to most undergraduate research. Here’s a look at some reference samples.
Book
Here’s a look at a book reference entry:
Keep the following in mind:
· The book title (Literary practices …) is written in sentence case and italicized.
· The two authors are separated by an ampersand, and a comma precedes the ampersand.
· The publisher (National Literacy…) is not italicized.
· No period follows the DOI.
Authored eBook (Kindle book or audiobook)
An eBook and audio book require the following reference entry style:
Authored book with editor
Here’s a sample entry for an authored book with an editor:
One volume of a multivolume work
Here’s a look at a reference listing for a volume or multivolume:
Dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia
Here’s a sample entry for a reference book:
Religious work
Take a look at a reference for a religious work:
Edited book chapters and works in reference books
Here’s a look at reference samples for edited book chapters, works in reference books, and a Wikipedia entry.
Edited book chapter
An edited book chapter is referenced as follows:
Chapter in edited book with DOI
Here’s a sample entry of a book chapter with a DOI:
Wikipedia entry
Here’s a look at a Wikipedia entry:
Periodical and journal articles
Here’s a look at reference entries for periodicals and journal articles.
Journal article with DOI
Journal article entries with a DOI look like the following:
Keep the following in mind:
· The comma before the ampersand separates the two authors’ names.
· The article title (Developmental …) is written in sentence case and is neither italicized nor enclosed in quotation marks.
· The journal, the source (Reading Review …), is written in title case and italicized.
· The volume number (8) is written in italics and the issue number (21) follows in parentheses, with no space between the volume number and the issue number.
· The range of pages (83—129) is followed by a period.
Print magazine article
Here’s an entry for a print magazine article:
Keep the following in mind when referencing a print magazine article:
· The article extends from pages 67—71 and continues on page 98.
· The date is written with the year first, followed by the month and day.
Print newspaper article
Print newspaper article entries look like the following:
Keep the following in mind when referencing a print newspaper article:
· Talk-in-Town is a delivered print newspaper.
· The article location in the newspaper is E12.
· The newspaper date is written as year, month, and day.
· The newspaper title is written in title case and italicized.
Journal article from secondary source
A journal article entry from a secondary source looks like the following:
Editorial
Here’s an example for an editorial reference:
Film review in journal
Here’s a look at a film review:
Book review in newspaper
A book review in a newspaper looks like the following:
Reports
This section provides samples of reference entries for various types of reports.
Group author
A group author entry looks like this:
Keep the following in mind:
· The group author (National Writing …) is capitalized and followed by a period.
· The report (An assessment …) is written in sentence case and should be italicized.
· A URL is listed because a DOI wasn’t available.
· A period doesn’t follow the URL.
Government report
Here’s a look at a government report entry:
Report by task force
A task force report entry looks like this:
Code of ethics
Here’s a look at an entry for a code of ethics:
Audiovisual media and works
The following provides reference entries for various media and visual displays.
Film or video
Film or video entries look as follows:
Television series
Here’s a sample of a television series entry:
TED Talks
A TED Talks entry looks as follows:
Recorded webinar
Recorded webinar entries look like this:
YouTube or streaming video
Here’s a look at an entry for a YouTube or streaming video:
Podcast
Podcasts are referenced as follows:
Speech audio recording
List an audio speech recording as follows:
Artwork
Here’s a sample of an artwork listing:
Clip art or stock image
Follow this sample for listing clip art or a stock image:
Infographic
If you use an infographic, enter it as follows:
Map
List maps in your Reference list as follows:
Photograph
Here’s a look at an entry for a photograph:
PowerPoint slides
Enter PowerPoint slides like this example:
Online media
Here’s a look at reference entries for online media.
Blog post
Here’s a look at a blog post entry:
Tweet
List a tweet as such:
Facebook post
Facebook post entries look like the following:
Instagram photo or video
Use the following sample for an Instagram photo or video entry:
Instagram highlight
If you’re highlighting an Instagram, follow this model:
Conferences and presentations
Here’s a look at reference entries for conferences and presentations:
Webpages and websites
Here’s a look at reference entries for webpages and websites.
Webpage on a website
List a webpage or website as follows:
Webpage on a website with a retrieval date
Here’s a look at a listing for a webpage on a website with a retrieval date:
Note: The retrieval date is included because the page contents change regularly.
Legal reference
For legal references, APA recognizes The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, the standard in the legal field in all academic disciplines. Variations of legal references are more common to professional scholars than undergraduates. Although in-text citations closely follow APA guidelines, with the name of the legal document followed by the date (Marbury v. Madison, 1803), reference entries vary slightly. Professors accept legal reference elements that follow the sequence: title, source, and date. Court cases in reference lists are written in roman font and aren’t italicized as required in citations.
Here’s an example of what a classic case looks like:
Note: The volume number is 347 and the page number is 483.