A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations, Ninth edition - Kate L. Turabian 2018

Papers, lectures, and manuscript collections
Notes-bibliography style: citing specific types of sources
Source citation

17.7.1 Theses and Dissertations

Theses and dissertations are cited much like books except for the title, which is in roman type and enclosed in quotation marks. After the author and title, list the kind of paper, the academic institution, and the date. Like the publication data for a book, these are enclosed in parentheses in a note but not in a bibliography. Abbreviate dissertation as diss. If you’ve consulted the paper online, include a URL. If you consulted the paper in an institutional repository or commercial database, you can list the name of the repository or database instead. See 15.4.1 for more details.

N:

1. 1. Karen Leigh Culcasi, “Cartographic Representations of Kurdistan in the Print Media” (master’s thesis, Syracuse University, 2003), 15.

2. 2. Dana S. Levin, “Let’s Talk about Sex . . . Education: Exploring Youth Perspectives, Implicit Messages, and Unexamined Implications of Sex Education in Schools” (PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2010), 101—2, http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75809.

3. 3. Guadalupe Navarro-Garcia, “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents” (PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016), 44, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

B:

✵ Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

17.7.2 Lectures and Papers Presented at Meetings

Cite a lecture or a paper presented at a meeting by the name of the speaker or presenter and the title of the speech or presentation (in quotation marks), followed by the sponsorship and location of the meeting and the date of the speech or presentation. Information about the meeting is enclosed in parentheses in a note but not in a bibliography. If you consulted a text or transcript of the lecture or paper online, include a URL (see 15.4.1.3). If you watched or listened to the presentation online, adapt the examples here to the advice at 17.10.3.3.

N:

1. 1. Viviana Hong, “Censorship in Children’s Literature during Argentina’s Dirty War (1976—1983)” (lecture, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, April 30, 2015).

2. 2. Julie Leininger Pycior, “Trailblazers and Harbingers: Mexicans in New York before 1970” (paper presented at the 130th annual meeting of the American Historical Society, Atlanta, GA, January 8, 2016).

B:

✵ Carvalho Filho, Irineu de, and Renato P. Colistete. “Education Performance: Was It All Determined 100 Years Ago? Evidence from São Paulo, Brazil.” Paper presented at the 70th annual meeting of the Economic History Association, Evanston, IL, September 24—26, 2010. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24494/1/MPRA_paper_24494.pdf.

17.7.3 Pamphlets and Reports

Cite a pamphlet, corporate report, brochure, or similar freestanding publication as you would a book. If you lack data for some of the usual elements, such as author and publisher, give enough other information to identify the document. Such sources should usually be cited only in notes. Include such an item in your bibliography only if it is critical to your argument or frequently cited. Sources consulted online should include a URL (see 15.4.1.3).

N:

1. 1. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia: Between Two Rivers (Mesopotamia, OH: Trumbull County Historical Society, 1957).

2. 2. Elisabeth Hirschhorn Donahue, ed., Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs: Annual Report 2014—15 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 2015), http://wws.princeton.edu/about-wws/wws-annual-report.

17.7.4 Manuscript Collections

Documents from physical collections of unpublished manuscripts involve more complicated and varied elements than published sources. In your citations, include as much identifying information as you can, format the elements consistently, and adapt the general patterns outlined here as needed.

17.7.4.1 ELEMENTS TO INCLUDE AND THEIR ORDER. If possible, identify the author and date of each item, the title or type of document, the name of the collection, and the name of the depository. In a note, begin with the author’s name; if a document has a title but no author, or the title is more important than the author, list the title first.

N:

1. 1. George Creel to Colonel House, September 25, 1918, Edward M. House Papers, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

2. 2. James Oglethorpe to the Trustees, January 13, 1733, Phillipps Collection of Egmont Manuscripts, 14200:13, University of Georgia Library, Athens (hereafter cited as Egmont MSS).

3. 3. Burton to Merriam, telegram, January 26, 1923, box 26, folder 17, Charles E. Merriam Papers, University of Chicago Library.

4. 4. Minutes of the Committee for Improving the Condition of Free Blacks, Pennsylvania Abolition Society, 1790—1803, Papers of the Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (hereafter cited as Minutes, Pennsylvania Society).

5. 5. Memorandum by Alvin Johnson, 1937, file 36, Horace Kallen Papers, YIVO Institute, New York.

6. 6. Joseph Purcell, “A Map of the Southern Indian District of North America” [ca. 1772], MS 228, Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago.

For shortened notes, adapt the usual pattern of elements (see 16.4.1) to accommodate the available information and identify the document unambiguously.

N:

1. 7. R. S. Baker to House, November 1, 1919, House Papers.

2. 8. Minutes, April 15, 1795, Pennsylvania Society.

If you cite only one document from a collection and it is critical to your argument or frequently cited within your paper, you may choose to include it in your bibliography. Begin the entry with the author’s name; if a document has a title but no author, or the title is more important than the author, list the title first.

B:

✵ Dinkel, Joseph. Description of Louis Agassiz written at the request of Elizabeth Cary Agassiz. 1869. Agassiz Papers. Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

If you cite multiple documents from a collection, list the collection as a whole in your bibliography, under the name of the collection, the author(s) of the items in the collection, or the depository. For similar types of unpublished material that have not been placed in archives, replace information about the collection with such wording as “in the author’s possession” or “private collection,” and do not mention the location.

B:

✵ Egmont Manuscripts. Phillipps Collection. University of Georgia Library, Athens.

✵ House, Edward M., Papers. Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

✵ Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery. Papers. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

✵ Strother, French, and Edward Lowry. Undated correspondence. Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, IA.

✵ Women’s Organization for National Prohibition Reform. Papers. Alice Belin du Pont files, Pierre S. du Pont Papers. Eleutherian Mills Historical Library, Wilmington, DE.

17.7.4.2 HOW TO FORMAT THE ELEMENTS. Here are some special formatting recommendations for documents in manuscript collections.

✵ ▪ Specific versus generic titles. Use quotation marks for specific titles of documents but not for generic terms such as report and minutes. Capitalize generic names of this kind only if they are part of a formal heading in the manuscript, not if they are merely descriptive.

✵ ▪ Locating information. Although some manuscripts may include page numbers that can be included in notes, many will have other types of locators, or none at all. Older manuscripts are usually numbered by signatures only or by folios (fol., fols.) rather than by page. Some manuscript collections have identifying series or file numbers that you can include in a citation. Items on microfilm may have roll (or sheet) and frame numbers.

✵ ▪ Papers and manuscripts. In titles of manuscript collections the terms papers and manuscripts are synonymous. Both are acceptable, as are the abbreviations MS and MSS (plural).

✵ ▪ Letters. To cite a letter in a note, start with the name of the letter writer, followed by to and the name of the recipient. You may omit first names if the identities of the sender and the recipient are clear from the text. Omit the word letter, which is understood, but for other forms of communication, specify the type (telegram, memorandum). For letters in published collections, see 17.1.9.

17.7.5 Online Collections

Some manuscript collections have been scanned and organized for consultation online. Cite such items by adapting the rules for manuscript collections in 17.7.4. Include a URL for the item or items cited (see also 15.4.1.3).

N:

1. 1. Daily Expenses, July 1787, images 7—8, George Washington Papers, Series 5: Financial Papers, 1750—96, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwseries5.html.

B:

✵ Washington, George, Papers. Series 5: Financial Papers, 1750—96. Library of Congress, Washington, DC. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwseries5.html.