English vocabulary - Martin Hunt 2016

11 Food (2)

In this unit you will learn

✵ words for ways of cooking/preparing food

✵ words for equipment used when making/preparing food

✵ how to order food in a restaurant

Basics

Make sure you know all the words from Food (1) before you do this unit! Do you know these words? Check in a dictionary and write the word in your language.

Test your basics

Write the English words in the space below. Don’t look at page 131!

Extension

Ways of cooking (verbs and adjectives)

✵ We often use oil for cooking; with oil we can fry food (adjective = fried), for example potatoes.

✵ We can also use water to cook with in a saucepan; if we heat the water to 100°C (212°F), we boil it (adjective = boiled), for example, boiled potatoes.

✵ If the water is a little cooler, then we use the verb simmer, for example, we simmer a sauce.

✵ We [grill/broil] food under the [grill/broiler] (adjective = [grilled/broiled]).

✵ We bake food in the oven (adjective = baked), for example bread.

✵ When we cook food in an oven with oil or fat, we use the verb roast (adjective = roast), for example, roast beef.

✵ Food that is not cooked is raw, for example, raw fish.

✵ We can freeze food (adjective = frozen) - that is, make it very cold by putting it in the freezer, for example, ice cream.

Equipment and preparation

✵ With a [jug/pitcher] we can measure liquids; for solids we use [scales/measuring cups].

✵ When you pour something out of a [jug/pitcher], you empty it.

✵ When you put two or more foods together, you mix them. For example, you mix sugar, butter, and flour to make a cake.

✵ With a spoon you can stir; with a knife you can cut. If we cut something many times or without much care, we often use the verb chop; for example, you cut a cake but you chop carrots.

✵ Before cooking with eggs we often beat them.

✵ We often add a little salt and pepper for taste, and when food is ready we serve it.

✵ To measure liquids we use [litres/liters] or pints [1 UK pint = 0.56 litres/1 US pint = 0.47 litres].

✵ For weights we use kilograms or pounds (1kg = 2.2 pounds).

Nouns and adjectives

✵ Ingredients are what we use to make something. For example, flour, eggs, milk, and sugar are the ingredients of cake.

✵ A recipe is the list of instructions which tells us how to make something.

Look at these opposites:

✵ Food can be hot or cold; ’hot food’ can also mean spicy, for example, curry (a meat or vegetable dish that comes from India). The opposite of spicy is mild.

✵ Sweet food has lots of sugar, for example, chocolate. The opposite is bitter or sour.

✵ [Savoury/savory] food does not contain a lot of sugar. It can be salty or spicy.

✵ Food you really like is delicious. Food that has no taste or [flavour/flavor] is tasteless. The opposite of tasteless is tasty.

Ordering food

✵ You order food in a restaurant from a waiter or a waitress. Look at the example conversation below:

Waiter

Are you ready to order?

What would you like?

And for you, sir/[madam/ ma’am] ?

Customer

Yes, please./Could you give us some more time, please?

I’d like...

Could I have... please?

Questions and sentences

✵ To ask what someone thinks of their food we can say What’s your... like?

✵ To ask for a recipe we can ask How do you make...?

✵ To give a recipe we can use joining words like First... Then...

Next... Finally...

Examples:

What’s your pizza like?    It’s delicious./It’s cold and tasteless.

How do you make an [omelette/omlet]? First you take two eggs. Then you beat them with some milk and add salt and pepper. Next you cook it in a frying pan and finally  serve it with some salad.

Practice

Exercise 1 See if you can do this crossword.

Across

1 Opposite of tasteless

5 Ice cream must be...

6 A way of cooking meat in the oven

7 A famous food from India

10 A measure, for example of milk (British spelling)

11 After you’ve made something, you ... it

Down

2 Opposite of sweet

3 A way of cooking using very hot water

4 You can use a [jug/ pitcher] to ... liquids

5 A way of cooking, for example for steak

8 The instructions for cooking something

9 You need this to do no.

5 down and no. 6!

Exercise 2 Put the sentences below into the correct order to make the conversation between a waiter and two customers.

What would you like, [madam/ma’am]?

I’d like the chicken, please.

Yes, we are, please.

And could we have a bottle of wine, please?

I’d like the steak, please.

Of course, [madam/ma’am]. Red or white?

Steak. Certainly. And for you, sir?

Yes, sir.

Good evening, sir. Good evening, [madam/ma’am]. Are you ready to order? 7

Exercise 3 Fill in the missing words from the box for this recipe for fruit cake. One of the words is not used.

Note: Raisins are a kind of fruit made from dried grapes; a cake tin is used for making cakes.

To make fruit cake you need 240g flour, 240g butter, 160g sugar, a little milk, some raisins, and one egg. First 1 mix the flour and butter together, then 2 ... the egg and 3 ... it to the sugar and raisins. 4 ... in some milk, and 5 ... everything together. 6 ... put the mixture into the cake tin using a clean 7 ... . 8 ... put the cake tin into a cool 9 ... and 10 ... for one hour, ten minutes. 11 ... hot.

Now check your answers.

► Exercise 4 (Recordings 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5) Pronunciation practice. Listen and repeat the words on the recording. Use the transcript at the back of the book to help you if necessary.

In use

Reading

Before you start, check you know these words:

foreign country

stomach

silent

burnt

honest

disgusting

Note: Lines are the words an actor has to learn; to leave it to the last minute is to do something as late as possible.

You Can’t Do It Again, My Son is British actor Steven Quinn’s story of his life. Here he talks about a time when he did some cooking for a girlfriend.

Reading 1 What did his guest think of his meal?

To me the kitchen was like a foreign country, and one that I didn’t want to visit. But I had promised, so I had to do it. And anyway, how difficult was roast chicken? I had a few vegetables - peas, carrots, potatoes. It was all looking good. I knew that Belinda really liked hot food, like curry, but my British stomach preferred something milder.

My first shock was when I found out I couldn’t just put it in the microwave. The recipe book said use an oven, for two hours! I always leave my lines to the last minute, but suddenly I realized this wasn’t a very good idea with a recipe. Never mind, I thought. Just make the oven hotter and the food will cook faster.

Finally Belinda came around and I put the meal before her. We ate and quickly went silent. The chicken was hot and burnt on the outside and cold on the inside, while my vegetables were nearly raw. I looked at my guest.

’Well, what do you think?’ I tried. She looked at me and smiled before putting down her knife and fork.

’Absolutely disgusting,’ Belinda said. Well, she was certainly honest!

Reading 2 Answer the following questions.

1 Did Steven often go into his kitchen?

No. It was like a foreign country.

2 What was Steven going to cook?

3 What kind of food did Belinda like?

4 Where did Steven want to cook his roast chicken?

5 How did Steven think you could make food cook faster?

6 Were the vegetables cooked a lot or a little? How do you know?

7 What did Belinda do before she spoke to Steven?

► Listening

Before you start, check you know these words:

vanilla extract

dish (to cook in)

bowl

cream

Note: We cut bread into slices; there are sixteen ounces in a pound; 190°C (400°F) is a temperature.

You’re going to hear a recipe on a radio show.

Listening 1 (Recording 11.6) Listen to the first section only and complete the list of ingredients below.

four slices of white ...

some ...

some raisins

120g of ...

... eggs

half a pint (a quarter of a [litre/liter]) of ...

vanilla extract

Listening 2 Listen now to the second section of the recording and put the recipe into the correct order.

Put the bread in a dish and add the raisins and sugar.

Beat the eggs in a bowl and stir in the milk and vanilla extract.

Make two sandwiches from the bread.

Pour the eggs, milk and vanilla extract over the bread.

Spread the butter on the bread.

Put in a hot oven (190°C/400°F) for 35-40 minutes.

Cut each sandwich into six pieces.

Serve hot with cream.

Leave for 15 minutes.

Now check your answers.

Recap

Here are the words we learned in this unit. Do you know them all? Write down the translations if you need to.

Equipment

oven  [grill/broiler]  [hob/burner]

saucepan frying pan  microwave

[jug/pitcher] knife   fork

spoon [scales/measuring cups]

Preparing food

measure pour   mix

stir  cut   chop

beat  add   serve

[litre/liter] pint   kilogram

pound

Ways of cooking

oil   fat   fry (fried)

boil (boiled) simmer  [grill (grilled)/broil

bake (baked) roast (roast) (broiled)]

raw  freeze (frozen)

Nouns and adjectives

ingredients recipe   curry

hot   cold   spicy

mild  sweet   sour

bitter  [savoury/savory] salty

delicious tasteless  tasty

Questions and phrases

What’s your... like? How do you make? First... Then... Next... Finally...

Ordering food

Are you ready to order?     Yes, please.

Could you give us a little more time, please?  What would you like?

And for you, sir /[madam/ma’am]?    I’d like...

Could I have... please?

What to do next

✵ Imagine you are in a restaurant. Try ordering your [favourite/ favorite] meal.

✵ Write down your [favourite/favorite] recipe and try it out on a friend.

✵ See if you can find any other recipes in English and try them.

Why not try these units next?

✵ Drink • Shopping

Answer key for this unit

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

То make fruit cake you need 240g flour, 240g butter, 160g sugar, a little milk, some raisins, and one egg. First 1 mix the flour and butter together, then 2 beat the egg and 3 add it to the sugar and raisins. 4 Pour in some milk, and 5 stir everything together. 6 Next put the mixture into the cake tin using a clean 7 spoon. 8 Finally put the cake tin into a cool 9 oven and 10 bake for one hour, ten minutes. 11 Serve hot.

(roast is not used)

Reading

Reading 1

Belinda thought the meal was absolutely disgusting.

Reading 2

1 No. It was like a foreign country.

2 He was going to cook roast chicken with peas, carrots, and potatoes.

3 She liked hot, spicy food (for example, curry).

4 He wanted to cook it in the microwave.

5 By making the oven hotter.

6 They were cooked a little (they were nearly raw).

7 She put down her knife and fork.

Listening

Listening 1

four slices of white bread

some butter

some raisins

120g of sugar

two eggs

half a pint (a quarter of a [litre/liter]) of milk

vanilla extract

Listening 2

Put the bread in a dish and add the raisins and sugar.

Beat the eggs in a bowl and stir in the milk and vanilla extract.

Make two sandwiches from the bread.

Pour the eggs, milk and vanilla extract over the bread.

Spread the butter on the bread.

Put in a hot oven (190°C/400°F) for 35-40 minutes.

Cut each sandwich into six pieces.

Serve hot with cream.

Leave for 15 minutes.