Interactive Vocabulary - Amy E. Olsen 2017

Chapter 14. Word Parts III
Part III. Relationships

Look for words with these prefixes, roots, and/or suffixes as you work through this book. You may have already seen some of them, and you will see others in later chapters. Learning basic word parts can help you figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words.'

prefix: a word part added to the beginning of a word that changes the meaning of the root

root: a word's basic part with its essential meaning

suffix: a word part added to the end of a word; indicates the part of speech

Self-Tests

1 Read each definition, and choose the appropriate word from the list below. Use each word once. The meaning of the word part is underlined to help you make the connection. Refer to the Word Part list if you need help.

Vocabulary list

sympathy manuscript exceed  malnourished generate

courageous historical chronological predict  uninformed

1. relating to time order ...

2. to create something ...

3. a feeling of tenderness for someone's pain ...

4. full of bravery ...

5. relating to the past ...

6. suffering from bad nutrition ...

7. a handwritten document ...

8. to go beyond ...

9. not knowledgeable ...

10. to say before ...

2 Finish the sentences with the meaning of each word part from the list below. Use each meaning once. The word part is underlined to help you make the connection.

Vocabulary list

creation  full of  disease  related to  wrong

time   not   write   before   go

1. When you go to a preview of a movie, you see it ... other people do.

2. To have chronic pain means to have pain all the ..., or constantly.

3. Her generous nature led to the ... of a fund to help students buy books.

4. A psychopath is a person with a mental ... .

5. Something comical is ... comedy.

6. When something malfunctions, it goes ... .

7. The wedding was a joyous occasion; it was ... happiness.

8. The house was unusual because it did ... have a front door.

9. In the novel I'm reading, the authors do a great job of describing the traits of their characters. From the way they ..., I can see the people in my mind.

10. Once I got a password, I was able to access my bank online; I find it an easy way to ... into my accounts to check my balances.

3 Finish the story using the word parts below. Use each word part once. Your knowledge of word parts, as well as the context clues, will help you create the correct words. If you do not understand the meaning of a word you have made, check the dictionary for the definition or to see whether the word exists.

Vocabulary parts

scrib gen  al   chron  ous

ceed un   mal  pre   path

Family Photos

For my final project in history class, I had to (1)...icle my family's past through photographs. Part of the project required doing a little (2)...ealogy research. I had to find out about my grandparents and great-grandparents and their birth places. I discovered a box of mar­vel(3)... old photographs in a closet at my grandmother's house. A number of the photos were amusing and a few were odd, but all of them were remarkable to see.

Regrettably, my grandmother was (4)...able to remember the names of a few of the people in the photos. If people would take a few seconds to (5)...ble a name and

date on the back of each picture, it would help future generations learn about the past. Several of my classmates could em(6)...ize with me. They were running into the same problem with missing names and dates.

Still, I was able to pro(7)... with the project, and my parents and grandparents had great stories to share about the people in many of the photos. From what I saw and the stories I heard, most of my extended family were happy and sane people, but there were a few (8)...adjusted individuals whose stories spiced up my report. I had everything (9)...pared a week before it was due, and I was proud of the result. I considered it a great education (10)... project because I now know a lot more about my family history.

4 Pick the best definition for each underlined word from the list below using your knowledge of word parts. Circle the word part in each of the underlined words.

a. not at the proper time  f. have similar feelings

b. planned beforehand  g. relating to drama

c. ill smelling    h. a message written at the end of a letter

d. full of offense; disgracefol i. yielding or stopping of something

e. the creation of something j. not good; regrettably

1. The genesis of the idea for Sabrina's surprise party came from Sabrina herself.

2. The malodorous air of the basement caused me to step back before entering.

3. It wasn't until the postscript that John wrote what time he would arrive.

4. It was easy to find the anachronism in the picture of the medieval castle: the microwave.

5. Unfortunately I forgot to bring spoons, so we will have to eat our ice cream with forks.

6. The student's dramatic presentation caused the class to weep.

7. After a body was discovered, the judge ordered a cessation of all activity at the construction site until an investigation could determine what had happened.

8. My new roommate and I are compatible; we both like many of the same things.

9. The police knew the murder had been premeditated when they found the receipt for the poison dated a week ago.

10. Her low-cut dress was outrageous; it was not at all appropriate for a family gathering.

5 A good way to remember word parts is to pick one word that uses a word part and understand how that word part functions in the word. Then you can apply that meaning to other words that have the same word part. Use the following words to help you match the word part to its meaning.

Set One

1. -ced-, -ceed-, -cess-: concede,exceed, access   a. write

2. -scrib-, script-: scribble, inscribe, manuscript   b. not

3. -al, -ic: vital, musical, hectic      c. birth, creation

4. un-: unusual, unfortunate, uncertain    d. go, yield

5. -gen-: generate, genealogy, congenial    e. relating to

Set Two

6. pre-: prescribe, preview, preliminary    f. feeling, disease

7. -mal-: maladjusted, malicious, malfunction    g. time

8. -pas-, -pat-, -path-: passionate, empathize, psychopath h. full of

9. -chron-: chronological, chronic, synchronize   i. bad, wrong, ill

10. -ose, -ous,: morose, tenacious, laborious    j. before

Interactive Exercise

Use the dictionary to find a word you don't know that uses the word part listed below. Write the meaning of the word part, the word, and the definition. If your dictionary has the etymology (history) of the word, see how the word part relates to the meaning, and write the etymology after the definition.

Shades of Meaning

Learning new vocabulary is more than learning synonyms. While some words you learn may be similar to other words you know and may be used in place of another word, every word is unique. Good writers choose their words carefully. Words have different shades of meaning, and conscientious writers think about those differences when picking a word to use. A careful reader also responds to those differences in meaning. In some cases the differences are slight, such as "On Sundays I eat a big dinner" or "On Sundays I eat a large dinner." But replacing "big" or "large" with "huge" or "gigantic" (both synonyms for "big") does alter the image of how much food the person is eating. Some synonyms have even bigger differences. For the sentence, "The clever woman found a way to get out of debt," "clever" could be replaced with the synonyms "smart" or "crafty. "The reader would have a different reaction to the woman depending on whether the writer selected "smart" or "crafty. "When reading or writing, pay attention to the diverse ways words can be used.

Match each photograph to one of the word parts below, and write the meaning of the word part.

mal-

un-

-chron-

-scrib-/-script-

-al/-ic

Interesting Etymologies

Genuine (Chapter 13) comes from the Latin genuinus meaning "natural or native." The word is formed from genu-, "native," plus -inus or -ine, "pertaining to." The root is gignere meaning "bring into being, birth." The history of the word may also come from the root genu-, "knee," plus -inus, or -ine "pertaining to." There was an ancient custom of a father placing a baby on his knees to show that he accepted the child as his. Both etymologies relate to today's meaning of "real or true."

Proficient (Chapter 21) comes from the Latin proficere, "to make progress." It combines pro, "forward," plusfacere, "to make." The word's first known use was in the late 1500s. A person who is going forward or making progress in something is likely to end up with proficient's meaning, "accomplished in a subject; skilled."